Oracle9i SQLJ Developer's Guide and Reference
Release 1 (9.0.1)

Part Number A90212-01
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10
Profiles and Customization

Profiles and profile customization are introduced in "SQLJ Profiles".

This chapter presents more technical detail and discusses customizer options and how to use customizers other than the default Oracle customizer.

The following topics are covered:

More About Profiles

SQLJ profiles contain information about your embedded SQL operations, with a separate profile being created for each connection context class that your application uses. Profiles are created during the SQLJ translator's code generation phase and customized during the customization phase. Customization enables your application to use vendor-specific database features. Separating these vendor-specific operations into your profiles enables the rest of your generated code to remain generic.

Each profile contains a series of entries for the SQLJ statements that use the relevant connection context class, where each entry corresponds to one SQL operation in your application.

Profiles exist as serialized objects stored in resource files packaged with your application. Because of this, profiles can be loaded, read, and modified (added to or re-customized) at any time. When profiles are customized, information is only added, never removed. Multiple customizations can be made without losing preceding customizations, so that your application maintains the capability to run in multiple environments. This is known as binary portability.

For profiles to have binary portability, SQLJ industry-standard requirements have been met in the Oracle SQLJ implementation.

Creation of a Profile During Code Generation

During code generation, the translator creates each profile as follows:

  1. It creates a profile object as an instance of the sqlj.runtime.profile.Profile class.

  2. It inserts information about your embedded SQL operations (for SQLJ statements that use the relevant connection context class) into the profile object.

  3. It serializes the profile object into a Java resource file, referred to as a profile file, with a .ser file name extension.


    Note:

    Oracle SQLJ provides an option to have the translator automatically convert these .ser files to .class files. (The.ser files are not supported by some browsers, and can be cumbersome when loading translated applications into the server.) However, this prevents any further customization of the profile. For information, see "Conversion of .ser File to .class File (-ser2class)"


As discussed in "Code Generation", profile file names for application Foo are of the form:

Foo_SJProfilen.ser

SQLJ generates Foo_SJProfile0.ser, Foo_SJProfile1.ser, and so on, as needed (depending on how many connection context classes you use in your code). Or, if the -ser2class option is enabled, then SQLJ generates Foo_SJProfile0.class, Foo_SJProfile1.class, and so on.

Each profile has a getConnectedProfile() method that is called during SQLJ runtime. This method returns something equivalent to a JDBC Connection object, but with added functionality. This is further discussed in "Functionality of a Customized Profile at Runtime".


Note:

Referring to a "profile object" indicates that the profile is in its original non-serialized state. Referring to a "profile file" indicates that the profile is in its serialized state in a .ser file. 


Sample Profile Entry

Below is a sample SQLJ executable statement with the profile entry that would result. For simplicity, the profile entry is presented as plain text with irrelevant portions omitted.

Note that in the profile entry, the host variable is replaced by JDBC syntax (the question mark).

SQLJ Executable Statement

Presume the following declaration:

#sql iterator Iter (double sal, String ename);

And presume the following executable statements:

String empname = 'Smith';
Iter it;
...
#sql it = { SELECT ename, sal FROM emp WHERE ename = :empname };

Corresponding SQLJ Profile Entry

=================================================================
...
#sql { SELECT ename, sal FROM emp WHERE ename = ? };
...
PREPARED_STATEMENT executed via EXECUTE_QUERY 
role is QUERY
descriptor is null
contains one parameter
1. mode: IN, java type: java.lang.String (java.lang.String),
   sql type: VARCHAR, name: ename, ...
result set type is NAMED_RESULT
result set name is Iter
contains 2 result columns
1. mode: OUT, java type: double (double),
   sql type: DOUBLE, name: sal, ...
2. mode: OUT, java type: java.lang.String (java.lang.String),
   sql type: VARCHAR, name: ename, ...
=================================================================


Note:

This profile entry is presented here as text for convenience only; profiles are not actually in text format. They can be printed as text, however, using the SQLJ -P-print option, as discussed in "Overview of Customizer Harness Options"


More About Profile Customization

By default, running the sqlj script on a SQLJ source file includes an automatic customization process, where each profile created during the code generation phase is customized for use with your particular database. The default customizer is the Oracle customizer, oracle.sqlj.runtime.OraCustomizer, which optimizes your profiles to use type extensions and performance enhancements specific to Oracle9i.

You can also run the sqlj script to customize profiles created previously. On the SQLJ command line, you can specify .ser files individually, .jar files containing .ser files, or both.


Notes:

  • Whenever you use the default Oracle customizer during translation, your application will require the Oracle SQLJ runtime and an Oracle JDBC driver when it runs, even if you do not use Oracle extensions in your code.

  • If an application has no customizations, or none suitable for the connection, then the generic SQLJ runtime is used.

  • You can run SQLJ to process .sqlj and/or .java files (translation, compilation, and customization) or to process .ser and/or .jar files (customization only), but not both categories at once.

 

Overview of the Customizer Harness and Customizers

Regardless of whether you use the Oracle customizer or an alternative customizer, SQLJ uses a front-end customization utility known as the customizer harness in accomplishing your customizations.

When you run SQLJ, you can specify customization options for the customizer harness (for general customization settings that apply to any customizer you use) and for your customizer (for settings used by the particular customizer). In either case, you can specify these options either on the command line or in a properties file. This is discussed in "Customization Options and Choosing a Customizer".

Implementation Details

The following paragraphs detail how Oracle implements the customizer harness and the Oracle customizer. This information is not necessary for most SQLJ developers.

The customizer harness is a command-line tool that is an instance of the class sqlj.runtime.profile.util.CustomizerHarness. A CustomizerHarness object is created and invoked each time you run the SQLJ translator. During the customization phase, the harness creates and invokes an object of the customizer class you are using (such as the default Oracle customizer), and loads your profiles.

The Oracle customizer is defined in the oracle.sqlj.runtime.OraCustomizer class. All customizers must be JavaBeans components that adhere to the JavaBeans API to expose their properties and must implement the sqlj.runtime.profile.util.ProfileCustomizer interface, which specifies a customize() method. It is the implementation of this method in a particular customizer that does the work of customizing profiles.

For each profile to be customized, the customizer harness calls the customize() method of the customizer object.

Steps in the Customization Process

The SQLJ customization process during translation consists of the following steps, as applicable, either during the customization stage of an end-to-end SQLJ run, or when you run SQLJ to customize existing profiles only:

  1. SQLJ instantiates and invokes the customizer harness and passes it any general customization options you specified.

  2. The customizer harness instantiates the customizer you are using and passes it any customizer-specific options you specified.

  3. The customizer harness discovers and extracts the profile files within any .jar files (applicable when you run SQLJ for customization only, specifying one or more .jar files on the command line).

  4. The customizer harness deserializes each profile file into a profile object (.ser files automatically created during an end-to-end SQLJ run, .ser files specified on the command line for customization only, or .ser files extracted from .jar files specified on the command line for customization only).

  5. If the customizer you use requires a database connection, the customizer harness establishes that connection.

  6. For each profile, the harness calls the customize() method of the customizer object instantiated in step 2 (customizers used with Oracle SQLJ must have a customize() method).

  7. For each profile, the customize() method typically creates and registers a profile customization within the profile. (This depends on the intended functionality of the customizer, however. Some might have a specialized purpose that does not require a customization to be created and registered in this way.)

  8. The customizer harness reserializes each profile and puts it back into a .ser file.

  9. The customizer harness recreates the .jar contents, inserting each customized .ser file to replace the original corresponding uncustomized .ser file (applicable when you run SQLJ for customization only, specifying one or more .jar files on the command line).


    Notes:

    • If an error occurs during customization of a profile, the original .ser file is not replaced.

    • If an error occurs during customization of any profile in a .jar file, the original .jar file is not replaced.

    • SQLJ can run only one customizer at a time. If you want to accomplish multiple customizations on a single profile, you must run SQLJ multiple times. For the additional customizations, enter the profile name directly on the SQLJ command line.

     

Creation and Registration of a Profile Customization

When the harness calls the customize() method to customize a profile, it passes in the profile object, a SQLJ connection context object (if you are using a customizer that requires a connection), and an error log object (which is used in logging error messages during the customization).

The same error log object is used for all customizations throughout a single running of SQLJ, but its use is transparent. The customizer harness reads messages written to the error log object and reports them in real-time to the standard output device (whatever SQLJ uses, typically your screen).

Recall that each profile has a set of entries, where each entry corresponds to a SQL operation. (These would be the SQL operations in your application that use instances of the connection context class associated with this profile.)

A customize() method implements special processing on these entries. It could be as simple as checking each entry to verify its syntax, or it could be more complicated, such as creating new entries that are equivalent to the original entries but are modified to use features of your particular database.


Notes:

  • Any customize() processing of profile entries does not alter the original entries.

  • Customizing your profiles for use in a particular environment does not prevent your application from running in a different environment. You can customize a profile multiple times for use in multiple environments, and these customizations will not interfere with each other.

 
Implementation Details

The following paragraphs detail how Oracle implements the customization process. This information is not necessary for most SQLJ developers.

In the case of the Oracle customizer, the customize() method creates a data structure that has one entry for each entry in the original profile. The original entries are never changed, but the new entries are customized to take advantage of features of Oracle9i. For example, if you are using BLOBs, a generic getObject() call used to retrieve a BLOB in the original entry is replaced by a getBLOB() call.

These new entries are encapsulated in an object of a customization class that implements the sqlj.runtime.profile.Customization interface, and this customization object is installed into the profile object. (Customization objects, like profile objects, are serializable.)

The customizer harness then registers the customization, which is accomplished through functionality of the profile object. Registration allows a profile to keep track of the customizations that it contains.

Any errors encountered during customization are posted to the error log and reported by the customizer harness as appropriate.

A Customization object has an acceptsConnection() method called at runtime to determine if the customization can create a connected profile object for a given SQLJ connection context object. A connected profile object--an instance of a class that implements the sqlj.runtime.profile.ConnectedProfile interface--represents a mapping between a profile object and a JDBC connection. It is equivalent to a JDBC Connection object (underlying a SQLJ connection context object) with the ability to create statements, but supports additional vendor-specific functionality.

Customization Error and Status Messages

The customizer harness outputs error and status messages in much the same way as the SQLJ translator, outputting them to the same output device. None of the warnings regarding customization are suppressible, however. (See "Translator Error, Warning, and Information Messages".)

Error messages reported by the customizer harness fall into four categories:

Status messages reported by the customizer harness during customization allow you to determine whether a profile was successfully customized. They fall into three categories:

Additional customizer-specific errors and warnings might be reported by the customize() method of the particular customizer.

During customization, the profile customizer writes messages to its error log, and the customizer harness reads the log contents in real-time and outputs these messages to the SQLJ output device, along with any other harness output. You never need to access error log contents directly.

Functionality of a Customized Profile at Runtime

A customized profile is a static member of the connection context class with which it is associated. For each SQLJ statement in your application, the SQLJ runtime determines the connection context class and instance associated with that statement, then uses the customized profile of the connection context class, together with the underlying JDBC connection of the particular connection context instance, to create a connected profile. This connected profile is the vehicle that the SQLJ runtime uses in applying vendor-specific features to the execution of your SQLJ application.

Implementation Details

The following paragraphs details how the Oracle SQLJ runtime uses customized profiles. This information is not necessary for most SQLJ developers.

In executing a SQLJ statement, the SQLJ runtime uses methods of the connection context object associated with the statement, and the profile object associated with the connection context class, as follows:

  1. When an end user is running your application and a SQL operation is to be executed, the SQLJ runtime calls the connection context getConnectedProfile() method.

  2. The connection context getConnectedProfile() method calls the getConnectedProfile() method of the profile object associated with the connection context class, passing it a connection. (This is the connection instance underlying the connection context instance used for the SQL operation.)

  3. The profile object getConnectedProfile() method calls the acceptsConnection() method of each Customization object registered in the profile. The first Customization object that accepts the connection creates the connected profile that is passed back to the runtime.

  4. In executing the SQL operation, the connected profile is used like a JDBC connection--creating statements to be executed--but implements special functionality of the customization.

Oracle-Specific Code Generation (No Profiles)

Throughout this manual there is discussion of the SQLJ runtime layer and SQLJ profiles. Oracle SQLJ, however, offers the alternative of generating Oracle JDBC code directly, instead of generating standard code that calls the SQLJ runtime for SQL operations (which in turn contains calls to Oracle JDBC). With Oracle-specific code generation, there are no profile files, and the role of the SQLJ runtime layer is greatly reduced during program execution.

Oracle-specific code supports all Oracle-specific extended features.

You can specify Oracle-specific code generation through the Oracle SQLJ translator -codegen=oracle setting. (The default setting, -codegen=iso, results in standard code generation.)

See "Code Generation (-codegen)" for information about syntax for this option.

The remainder of this section covers the following topics:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Oracle-Specific Code Generation

Oracle-specific code generation offers many advantages over standard SQLJ code generation:

By comparison, there are relatively few disadvantages:

Environment Requirements for Oracle-Specific Code Generation

Be aware of the following requirements of your environment if you use Oracle-specific code generation:

Coding Considerations and Limitations with Oracle-Specific Code Generation

When coding a SQLJ application where Oracle-specific code generation will be used, be aware of the following programming considerations and restrictions:

Translator/Customizer Usage Changes with Oracle-Specific Code Generation

Some options that were previously available only as Oracle customizer options are useful for Oracle-specific code generation as well. Because profile customization is not applicable with Oracle-specific code generation, these options have been made available through other means.

To alter the statement cache size or disable statement caching when generating Oracle-specific code, use method calls in your code instead of using the customizer stmtcache option. The sqlj.runtime.ref.DefaultContext class, as well as any connection context class you declare, now has the following static methods:

and the following instance methods:

By default, statement caching is enabled.

See "Connection Context Methods for Statement Cache Size" for more information. (This is a subsection under "Statement Caching", which provides an overview of statement caching.)

In addition, the following options are now available as front-end Oracle SQLJ translator options as well as Oracle customizer options:

See "Options for Code Generation, Column Optimizations, and Parameter Optimizations".

Be aware of the following:

Server-Side Considerations with Oracle-Specific Code Generation

Note the following considerations if your SQLJ code will run in the server:

Customization Options and Choosing a Customizer

This section discusses options for profile customization, which fall into three categories:

All categories of options are specified through the SQLJ command line or properties files.

The following topics are included in this section:

To choose a customizer other than the default Oracle customizer, you can use either the customizer harness customizer option (discussed in "Overview of Customizer Harness Options") or the SQLJ -default-customizer option (discussed in "SQLJ Options for Profile Customization").

Overview of Customizer Harness Options

The customizer harness provided with Oracle SQLJ offers a number of options that are not specific to a particular customizer. The harness uses these options in its front-end coordination of the customization process.

Syntax for Customizer Harness Options

Customizer harness option settings on the SQLJ command line have the following syntax:

-P-option=value

Or, in a SQLJ properties file:

profile.option=value

Enable boolean options (flags) either with:

-P-option 

or:

-P-option=true

Boolean options are disabled by default, but you can explicitly disable them with:

-P-option=false

This option syntax is also discussed in "Options to Pass to the Profile Customizer (-P)" and "Properties File Syntax".

Options Supported by the Customizer Harness

The customizer harness supports the following general options:

The customizer harness supports the following options for customizer database connections. Currently, these are used by the Oracle customizer if you enable its optcols option for column definitions (for performance optimization). In addition, they are used by the SQLCheckerCustomizer if you use this specialized customizer to perform online semantics-checking on profiles.

For information about the Oracle customizer optcols flag, see "Oracle Customizer Column Definition Option (optcols)". For information about the SQLCheckerCustomizer, see "SQLCheckerCustomizer for Profile Semantics-Checking".

The following commands function as customizer harness options, but are implemented through specialized customizers provided with Oracle SQLJ.

General Customizer Harness Options

This section describes general options supported by the customizer harness.

Profile Backup Option (backup)

Use the backup flag to instruct the harness to save a backup copy of each .jar file and standalone .ser file before replacing the original. (Separate backups of .ser files that are within .jar files are not necessary.)

Backup file names are given the extension .bakn, where n indicates digits used as necessary where there are similarly named files. For each backup file created, an informational message is issued.

If an error occurs during customization of a standalone .ser file, then the original .ser file is not replaced and no backup is created. Similarly, if an error occurs during customization of any .ser file within a .jar file, then the original .jar file is not replaced and no backup is created.

Command-line syntax
-P-backup<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-backup
Properties file syntax
profile.backup<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.backup
Default value
false

Customization Connection Context Option (context)

Use the context option to limit customizations to profiles that correspond to the specified connection context classes. Fully qualify the class names and use a comma-separated list to specify multiple classes. For example:

-P-context=sqlj.runtime.ref.DefaultContext,foo.bar.MyCtxtClass

There must be no space on either side of the comma.

If this option is not specified, then all profiles are customized, regardless of their associated connection context classes.

Command-line syntax
-P-context=ctx_class1<,ctx_class2,...>
Command-line example
-P-context=foo.bar.MyCtxtClass
Properties file syntax
profile.context=ctx_class1<,ctx_class2,...>
Properties file example
profile.context=foo.bar.MyCtxtClass
Default value

none (customize all profiles)

Customizer Option (customizer)

Use the customizer option to specify which customizer to use. Fully qualify the class name, such as in the following example:

-P-customizer=oracle.sqlj.runtime.util.OraCustomizer

If you do not set this option, then SQLJ will use the customizer specified in the SQLJ -default-customizer option. Unless set otherwise, this is the following:

oracle.sqlj.runtime.util.OraCustomizer

Command-line syntax
-P-customizer=customizer_class
Command-line example
-P-customizer=a.b.c.MyCustomizer
Properties file syntax
profile.customizer=customizer_class
Properties file example
profile.customizer=a.b.c.MyCustomizer
Default value

none (use default, set in SQLJ -default-customizer option)

Customization JAR File Digests Option (digests)

When a .jar file is produced, the jar utility can optionally include one or more digests for each entry, based on one or more specified algorithms, so that the integrity of the .jar file entries can later be verified. Digests are similar conceptually to checksums, for readers familiar with those.

If you are customizing profiles in a .jar file and want the jar utility to add new digests (or update existing digests) when the .jar file is updated, then use the digests option to specify a comma-separated list of one or more algorithms. These are the algorithms that jar will use in creating the digests for each entry. The jar utility produces one digest for each algorithm for each .jar file entry in the jar manifest file. Specify algorithms as follows:

-P-digests=SHA,MD5

There must be no space on either side of the comma.

In this example, there will be two digests for each entry in the .jar manifest file--an SHA digest and an MD5 digest.

For information about .jar files and the jar utility, see the following Web site:

http://www.javasoft.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/guide/jar/index.html
Command-line syntax
-P-digests=algo1<,algo2,...>
Command-line example
-P-digests=SHA,MD5
Properties file syntax
profile.digests=algo1<,algo2,...>
Properties file example
profile.digests=SHA,MD5
Default value
SHA,MD5

Customization Help Option (help)

Use the help option to display the option lists of the customizer harness and the default customizer or a specified customizer. For the harness and Oracle customizer, this includes a brief description and the current setting of each option.

Display the option lists for the harness and default customizer as follows (where the default customizer is the Oracle customizer or whatever you have specified in the SQLJ -default-customizer option):

-P-help

Use the help option in conjunction with the customizer option to display the option list of a particular customizer, as follows:

-P-help -P-customizer=sqlj.runtime.profile.util.AuditorInstaller


Notes:

  • You can use the -P-help option on the SQLJ command line only, not in a SQLJ properties file.

  • No customizations are performed if the -P-help flag is enabled, even if you specify profiles to customize on the command line.

 
Command-line syntax
-P-help <-P-customizer=customizer_class>
Command-line example
-P-help
Properties file syntax

n/a

Properties file example

n/a

Default value

none

Customization Verbose Option (verbose)

Use the verbose flag to instruct the harness to display status messages during customizations. These messages are written to the standard output device--wherever SQLJ writes its other messages.

Command-line syntax
-P-verbose<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-verbose
Properties file syntax
profile.verbose<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.verbose
Default value

none

Customizer Harness Options for Connections

This section describes connection options supported by the customizer harness. These are used as follows:

Customization User Option (user)

Set the user option to specify a database schema if your customizer uses database connections.

In addition to specifying the schema, you can optionally specify the password, URL, or both in your user option setting. The password is preceded by a forward-slash (/), and the URL is preceded by an "at" sign (@), as in the following examples:

-P-user=scott/tiger
-P-user=scott@jdbc:oracle:oci:@
-P-user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@
Command-line syntax
-P-user=username</password><@url>
Command-line examples
-P-user=scott
-P-user=scott/tiger
-P-user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@
Properties file syntax
profile.user=username</password><@url>
Properties file examples
profile.user=scott
profile.user=scott/tiger
profile.user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@
Default value
null

Customization Password Option (password)

Use the password option if your customizer uses database connections.

The password can also be set with the user option, as described in "Customization User Option (user)".

Command-line syntax
-P-password=password
Command-line example
-P-password=tiger
Properties file syntax
profile.password=password
Properties file example
profile.password=tiger
Default value
null

Customization URL Option (url)

Use the url option if your customizer uses database connections.

The URL can also be set with the user option, as described in "Customization User Option (user)".

Command-line syntax
-P-url=url
Command-line example
-P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@
Properties file syntax
profile.url=url
Properties file example
profile.url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@
Default value
jdbc:oracle:oci:@

Customization JDBC Driver Option (driver)

Use the driver option to register a comma-separated list of JDBC driver classes if your customizer uses database connections. For example:

-P-driver=sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver,oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver

There must be no space on either side of the comma.

Command-line syntax
-P-driver=dvr_class1<,dvr_class2,...>
Command-line example
-P-driver=sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
Properties file syntax
profile.driver=dvr_class1<,dvr_class2,...>
Properties file example
profile.driver=sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
Default value
oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver

Customizer Harness Options that Invoke Specialized Customizers

The customizer harness supports the following options that invoke specialized customizers:

Specialized Customizer--Profile Debug Option (debug)

The debug option runs a specialized customizer, called the AuditorInstaller, that inserts debugging statements into profiles. Use this option in conjunction with a SQLJ command line file list to insert debugging statements into the specified profiles. These profiles must already be customized from a previous SQLJ run.

For detailed information about this customizer, including additional options that it supports, see "AuditorInstaller Customizer for Debugging".

The debugging statements will execute during SQLJ runtime (when someone runs your application), displaying a trace of method calls and values returned.

Following are examples of how to specify the debug option:

sqlj -P-debug Foo_SJProfile0.ser Bar_SJProfile0.ser

sqlj -P-debug *.ser

Command-line syntax
sqlj -P-debug profile_list
Command-line example
sqlj -P-debug Foo_SJProfile*.ser
Properties file syntax
profile.debug 

(Also specify profiles in the SQLJ file list.)

Properties file example
profile.debug

Default value

n/a

Specialized Customizer--Profile Print Option (print)

The print option runs a specialized customizer that prints profiles in text format. Use this option in conjunction with a SQLJ command line file list to output the contents of one or more specified profiles. The output goes to the standard SQLJ output device, typically the user screen.

Following are examples of how to specify the print option:

sqlj -P-print Foo_SJProfile0.ser Bar_SJProfile0.ser

sqlj -P-print *.ser

For sample output, see "Sample Profile Entry".

Command-line syntax
sqlj -P-print profile_list
Command-line example
sqlj -P-print Foo_SJProfile*.ser
Properties file syntax
profile.print

(Also specify profiles in SQLJ file list.)

Properties file example
profile.print
Default value

n/a

Specialized Customizer--Profile Semantics-Checking Option (verify)

The verify option runs a specialized customizer, called the SQLCheckerCustomizer, that performs semantics-checking on a profile. This is equivalent to the semantics-checking that is performed on source code during translation. The profile will have been created during a previous execution of the SQLJ translator.

This option is useful for checking semantics against the runtime database, after deployment, and after the source code may no longer be available.

For detailed information about this customizer, including additional options that it supports, see "SQLCheckerCustomizer for Profile Semantics-Checking".


Note:

For online semantics-checking of the profile, you must also use the customizer harness user, password, and url options. 


Following are examples of how to specify the verify option. Both of these examples use the SQLCheckerCustomizer default semantics-checker, which employs online checking through the specified database connection.

sqlj -P-verify -P-user=scott -P-password=tiger -P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@ 
Foo_SJProfile0.ser Bar_SJProfile0.ser

(The preceding is a single wrap-around command line.)

sqlj -P-verify -P-user=scott -P-password=tiger -P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@ *.ser
Command-line syntax
sqlj -P-verify <conn params> profile_list
Command-line example
sqlj -P-verify <conn params> Foo_SJProfile*.ser
Properties file syntax
profile.verify

(You must also specify profiles, and typically customizer harness connection options, in the SQLJ command line.)

Properties file example
profile.verify
Default value

n/a

Overview of Customizer-Specific Options

You can set customizer-specific options, such as options for the Oracle customizer, on the SQLJ command line or in a SQLJ properties file. The syntax is similar to that for setting customizer harness options.

Set a customizer option on the SQLJ command line by preceding it with:

-P-C

Or set it in a SQLJ properties file by preceding it with:

profile.C

This option syntax is also discussed in "Options to Pass to the Profile Customizer (-P)" and "Properties File Syntax".

The remainder of this section discusses features of the Oracle customizer, which supports several options.

Most of these options are boolean and are enabled as follows:

-P-Coption

or:

-P-Coption=true

Boolean options are disabled by default, but you can explicitly disable them with:

-P-Coption=false

Numeric or string options are set similarly:

-P-Coption=value

Oracle Customizer Options

This section describes options that are specific to the Oracle customizer, beginning with an overview of the options supported.

Options Supported by the Oracle Customizer

The Oracle customizer implements the following options:

Any output displayed by these options is written to the standard output device, wherever SQLJ writes its other messages.

Oracle Customizer Version Compatibility Option (compat)

Use the compat flag to instruct the Oracle customizer to display information about compatibility of your application with different versions of the Oracle database and Oracle JDBC drivers. This can be accomplished either during a full SQLJ translation run or on profiles previously created.

To see compatibility output when translating and customizing the application MyApp:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Ccompat MyApp.sqlj

In this example, the MyApp profiles will be created, customized, and checked for compatibility in a single running of SQLJ.

To see compatibility output for MyApp profiles previously created:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Ccompat MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

In this example, the MyApp profiles were created (and possibly customized) in a previous running of SQLJ and will be customized (if needed) and checked for compatibility in the above running of SQLJ.

Following are two output samples from a -P-Ccompat setting when using the default Oracle customizer. The first example indicates that the application can be used with all Oracle JDBC driver versions:

MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: compatible with all Oracle JDBC drivers 

This second example indicates that the application can be used only with 8.1 or later Oracle JDBC driver versions:

MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: compatible with Oracle 8.1 or later JDBC driver 


Note:

If customization does not take place because a valid previous customization is detected, the compat option reports compatibility regardless. 


Command-line syntax
-P-Ccompat<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-Ccompat
Properties file syntax
profile.Ccompat<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.Ccompat
Default value
false

Oracle Customizer Force Option (force)

Use the force flag to instruct the Oracle customizer to force the customization of a given profile (specified on the command line) even if a valid customization already exists in that profile. For example:

sqlj -P-Cforce MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

This will customize all the MyApp profiles, regardless of whether they have already been customized. Otherwise, by default, the Oracle customizer will not reinstall over a previously existing customization unless the previous one had been installed with an older version of the customizer.

Command-line syntax
-P-Cforce<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-Cforce
Properties file syntax
profile.Cforce<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.Cforce
Default value
false

Oracle Customizer Column Definition Option (optcols)

Use the optcols flag to instruct the Oracle customizer to determine types and sizes of iterator or result set columns and add this information to the profile. This enables the SQLJ runtime to automatically register the columns with the Oracle JDBC driver when your application runs, saving round trips to Oracle depending on the particular driver implementation. Specifically, this is effective for the Thin driver and positional iterators.

For an overview of column definitions, see "Column Definitions".


Note:

For Oracle-specific code generation, where profile customization is not applicable, use the SQLJ translator -optcols option instead. See "Column Definitions (-optcols)".

That section also has some additional conceptual information. 


You can enable or disable the customizer optcols flag on the SQLJ command line or in a properties file.

Enable it on the command line as follows:

-P-Coptcols

or:

-P-Coptcols=true

This flag is disabled by default, but you can also disable it explicitly. Disable it on the command line as follows:

-P-Coptcols=false

Column definitions require the customizer to make a database connection to examine columns of tables being queried, so the customizer harness user, password, and url options must be set appropriately (as well as the customizer harness driver option if you are not using the default OracleDriver class). For example:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@ -P-Coptcols MyApp.sqlj

(Note that as with the SQLJ translator, you can optionally set the password and URL in the user option instead of in the password and url options.)

Or you can insert column definitions into a previously existing profile (in this case you must also use the Oracle customizer force option to force a recustomization):

sqlj -P-user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@ -P-Cforce -P-Coptcols MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

Or you can insert column definitions into previously existing profiles in a .jar file:

sqlj -P-user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@ -P-Cforce -P-Coptcols MyAppProfiles.jar

When you run the Oracle customizer with its optcols flag enabled (either during translation and creation of a new profile or during customization of an existing profile), you can also enable the customizer harness verbose flag. This will instruct the Oracle customizer to display information about what iterators and result sets are being processed and what their column type and size definitions are. For example:

sqlj -P-user=scott/tiger@jdbc:oracle:oci:@ -P-verbose -P-Cforce -P-Coptcols MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

For general information about the verbose flag, see that section under "Overview of Customizer Harness Options".

You can execute the Oracle customizer with its summary flag enabled on an existing profile to determine if column definitions have been added to that profile:

sqlj -P-Csummary MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

For general information about the summary flag, see that section under "Overview of Customizer-Specific Options".


Note:

An error will be generated if you enable the Oracle customizer optcols option without setting the customizer harness user name, password, and URL for a database connection. Do not confuse this with setting the translator user name, password, and URL for semantics-checking--these are unrelated.

The customizer does not have to connect to the same schema or even the same database that your application will connect to at runtime, but the relevant columns will have to be in the same order and of identical types and sizes to avoid runtime errors.

For information about the customizer harness connection options, see the user, password, url, and driver sections under "Overview of Customizer Harness Options"


Command-line syntax
-P-Coptcols<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-Coptcols
Properties file syntax
profile.Coptcols<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.Coptcols
Default value
false

Oracle Customizer Parameter Definition Option (optparams)

Use the optparams flag to enable parameter size definitions. If this flag is enabled, SQLJ will register your input and output parameters (host variables) to optimize JDBC resource allocations according to sizes you specify.

For an overview of parameter size definitions and a discussion of source code hints, see "Parameter Size Definitions".


Note:

For Oracle-specific code generation, where profile customization is not applicable, use the SQLJ translator -optparams option instead. See "Parameter Definitions (-optparams)".

That section also has some additional conceptual information. 


You can enable or disable the optparams flag on the command line or in a SQLJ properties file.

Enable it on the command line as follows:

-P-Coptparams

or:

-P-Coptparams=true

This flag is disabled by default, but you can also disable it explicitly. Disable it on the command line as follows:

-P-Coptparams=false


Note:

Unlike the optcols option, the optparams option does not require a database connection by the customizer, because you are providing the size specifications yourself. 


Following is a command-line example (omitting a setting for the optparamdefaults option, which is discussed in the next section):

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Coptparams -P-Coptparamdefaults=defaults-string MyApp.sqlj

Or you can enable parameter size definitions for a previously existing profile, as in the next example.

sqlj -P-Coptparams -P-Coptparamdefaults=defaults-string MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

Or for previously existing profiles in a .jar file:

sqlj -P-Coptparams -P-Coptparamdefaults=defaults-string MyAppProfiles.jar

Command-line syntax
-P-Coptparams<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-Coptparams
Properties file syntax
profile.Coptparams<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.Coptparams
Default value
false

Oracle Customizer Parameter Default Size Option (optparamdefaults)

If you enable the optparams option to set parameter sizes, use the optparamdefaults option as desired to set default sizes for specified datatypes. If optparams is not enabled, then any optparamdefaults setting is ignored.

For an overview of parameter size definitions and a discussion of source code hints, see "Parameter Size Definitions".


Note:

For Oracle-specific code generation, where profile customization is not applicable, use the SQLJ translator -optparamdefaults option instead. See "Parameter Default Size (-optparamdefaults)".

That section also has important additional conceptual and syntax information. Functionality of the two options is equivalent. 


You can set the optparamdefaults flag on the command line or in a SQLJ properties file.

Set it on the command line as follows:

-P-Coptparamdefaults=datatype1(size1),datatype2(size2),...

Following is a command-line example, including the optparams setting as well:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Coptparams -P-Coptparamdefaults=CHAR_TYPE(50),RAW_TYPE(500),CHAR(10) MyApp.sqlj

The syntax is explained in "Parameter Default Size (-optparamdefaults)".

Or you can specify parameter size defaults for a previously existing profile (in which case you must also use the Oracle customizer force option to force a recustomization):

sqlj -P-Cforce -P-Coptparams -P-Coptparamdefaults=CHAR_TYPE(50),RAW_TYPE(500),CHAR(10) MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

Or you can specify parameter size defaults for previously existing profiles in a .jar file:

sqlj -P-Cforce -P-Coptparams -P-Coptparamdefaults=CHAR_TYPE(50),RAW_TYPE(500),CHAR(10) MyAppProfiles.jar


Note:

If at runtime the actual size exceeds the registered size of any parameter, runtime errors will occur. 


Command-line syntax
-P-Coptparamdefaults=defaults-string
Command-line example
-P-Coptparamdefaults=VAR%(50),LONG%(500),RAW_TYPE()
Properties file syntax
profile.Coptparamdefaults=defaults-string
Properties file example
profile.Coptparamdefaults=VAR%(50),LONG%(500),RAW_TYPE()
Default value
null

Oracle Customizer Show-SQL Option (showSQL)

Use the showSQL flag to display any SQL statement transformations performed by the Oracle customizer. Such transformations are necessary in cases where SQLJ supports syntax that Oracle9i does not.

To show SQL transformations when translating and customizing the application MyApp:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-CshowSQL MyApp.sqlj

In this example, the MyApp profiles will be created and customized and their SQL transformations displayed in a single running of SQLJ.

To show SQL transformations when customizing MyApp profiles previously created:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-CshowSQL MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

In this example, the MyApp profiles were created (and possibly customized) in a previous running of SQLJ and will be customized (if needed) and have their SQL transformations displayed in the above running of SQLJ.

The showSQL output might include an entry such as this:

MyApp.sqlj:14: Info: <<<NEW SQL>>> #sql {BEGIN  ? := VALUES(tkjsSET_f1); END}; 
 
in file MyApp, line 14, we had: 
 

#sql {set :v1= VALUES(tkjsSET_f1) };

SQLJ supports the SET statement, but Oracle9i does not. During customization, the Oracle customizer replaces the SET statement with an equivalent PL/SQL block.


Note:

If customization does not take place because a valid previous customization is detected, the showSQL option shows SQL transformations regardless. 


Command-line syntax
-P-CshowSQL<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-CshowSQL
Properties file syntax
profile.CshowSQL<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.CshowSQL
Default value
false

Oracle Customizer Statement Cache Size Option (stmtcache)

Use the Oracle customizer stmtcache option to set the statement cache size--the number of statements that can be cached for each database connection as your application runs--or to disable statement caching.

The default statement cache size is 5. For an overview of statement caching, see "Statement Caching".


Important:

If you use Oracle-specific code generation, through the SQLJ translator -codegen=oracle setting, then SQLJ does not produce profiles and skips the customization step. In this case, use connection context methods to control SQLJ statement caching. See "Connection Context Methods for Statement Cache Size"


You can set the statement cache size on the command line or in a properties file.

To use the command line to set the statement cache size to 15 (for example) for the application MyApp:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Cstmtcache=15 MyApp.sqlj

To disable statement caching, set the cache size to 0:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Cstmtcache=0 MyApp.sqlj

You can also alter the statement cache size in an existing profile, without re-translating the application (but you must also use the Oracle customizer force option to force a recustomization):

sqlj -P-Cforce -P-Cstmtcache=15 MyApp_SJProfile0.ser

If you have multiple profiles, you can set their statement cache sizes individually by running SQLJ separately for each profile, after you have translated your application:

sqlj -P-Cforce -P-Cstmtcache=10 MyApp_SJProfile0.ser
sqlj -P-Cforce -P-Cstmtcache=15 MyApp_SJProfile1.ser
sqlj -P-Cforce -P-Cstmtcache=0 MyApp_SJProfile2.ser

Of course, you must determine which profile corresponds to each of your connection context classes. This is determined as follows: Profile 0 will correspond to the connection context class used for the first executable statement in your application; Profile 1 will correspond to the connection context class used for the first executable statement that does not use the first connection context class, and so on. You can verify the correlation by using the customizer harness print option to examine each profile.

Command-line syntax
-P-Cstmtcache=value
Command-line example
-P-Cstmtcache=10
Properties file syntax
profile.Cstmtcache=value
Properties file example
profile.Cstmtcache=10
Default value
5

Oracle Customizer Summary Option (summary)

Use the summary flag to instruct the Oracle customizer to display a summary of Oracle features used in an application being translated, or in specified profile files. This is useful in identifying features that would prevent portability to other platforms and can be accomplished either during a full SQLJ translation run or on profiles previously created.

To see summary output when translating and customizing the application MyApp:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Csummary MyApp.sqlj

In this example, the MyApp profiles will be created, customized, and summarized in a single running of SQLJ.

To see summary output for MyApp profiles previously created:

sqlj <...SQLJ options...> -P-Csummary MyApp_SJProfile*.ser

In this example, the MyApp profiles were created (and possibly customized) in a previous running of SQLJ and will be customized (if needed) and summarized in the above running of SQLJ.

Following are two samples resulting from a -P-Csummary setting when using the default Oracle customizer. The first example indicates no Oracle features are used:

MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: Oracle features used: 
MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: * none 

This second example indicates that Oracle features are used--namely, several Oracle extended datatypes from the oracle.sql package--and lists them:

MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: Oracle features used: 
MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: * oracle.sql.NUMBER: 2 
MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: * oracle.sql.DATE: 2 
MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: * oracle.sql.CHAR: 2 
MyApp_SJProfile0.ser: Info: * oracle.sql.RAW: 2 


Note:

If customization does not take place because a valid previous customization is detected, the summary option produces a summary regardless. 


Command-line syntax
-P-Csummary<=true/false>
Command-line example
-P-Csummary
Properties file syntax
profile.Csummary<=true/false>
Properties file example
profile.Csummary
Default value
false

Options for Other Customizers

Oracle SQLJ provides additional, specialized customizers described elsewhere in this manual, and these customizers also have command-line options:

SQLJ Options for Profile Customization

The following SQLJ options relate to profile customization and are described elsewhere in this manual:

Use of JAR Files for Profiles

As discussed previously, you can specify a .jar file on the SQLJ command line in order to customize any profiles that the .jar file contains.


Notes:

  • Remember that you can specify .sqlj and/or .java files on the SQLJ command line for normal SQLJ processing, or you can specify .ser and/or .jar files on the command line for customization only, but not both.

  • It is permissible for the .jar file to contain files that are not profiles. Any file whose manifest entry indicates that the file is not a profile will be ignored during customization.

  • The .jar file is used as the class-loading context for each profile it contains. If a profile contains a reference to a class contained within the .jar file, then that class is loaded from the .jar file. If a profile contains a reference to a class not in the .jar file, then the system class loader will find and load the class according to your classpath, as usual.

 

JAR File Requirements

When using a .jar file for profiles, the manifest entry for each profile must contain the line:

SQLJProfile: TRUE

Accomplish this by: 1) creating a plain text file with two lines for each profile that will be included in the .jar file--one line specifying the path or package and name, and one line as above; and 2) using the jar utility -m option to input this file.

The two lines must be consecutive (no blank line in between), and there must be a blank line preceding line-pairs for additional profiles.

For example, presume your MyApp application (in the directory foo/bar) has three profiles, and you will be creating a .jar file that will include these profiles.

In this case, complete the following steps:

  1. Create a text file with the following eight lines (including the blank lines used as separators):

    Name: foo/bar/MyApp_SJProfile0.ser
    SQLJProfile: TRUE
    
    Name: foo/bar/MyApp_SJProfile1.ser
    SQLJProfile: TRUE
    
    Name: foo/bar/MyApp_SJProfile2.ser
    SQLJProfile: TRUE
    
    

    Presume you call this file MyAppJarEntries.txt

  2. When you run jar to create the .jar file, use the -m option to input your text file as follows (presume you want to call the .jar file myjarfile.jar):

    jar -cvfm myjarfile.jar MyAppJarEntries.txt foo/bar/MyApp_SJProfile*.ser foo/bar/*.class
    
    
    
    

As the jar utility constructs the manifest during creation of the .jar file, it reads your text file and inserts the SQLJProfile: TRUE line into the manifest entry of each profile. It accomplishes this by matching the names in the manifest with the names you specify in your text file.

JAR File Results

When you specify a .jar file on the SQLJ command line, each profile in the .jar file is deserialized and customized.

A .jar file is successfully customized only if all the profiles it contains are successfully customized. After a successful customization, each profile has been reserialized into a .ser file, the .jar file has been modified to replace the original .ser files with the customized .ser files, and the .jar file manifest has been updated to indicate the new entries.

If any error is encountered in the customization of any profile in a .jar file, then the .jar file customization has failed, and the original .jar file is left unchanged.


Note:

If you use signature files for authentication, the signature files that appeared in the original .jar file will appear unchanged in the updated .jar file. You are responsible for re-signing the new .jar file if the profiles require signing. 


SQLCheckerCustomizer for Profile Semantics-Checking

Oracle provides a special customizer, SQLCheckerCustomizer, that will perform semantics-checking on a profile that was produced during previous execution of the translator. This semantics-checking is similar to what is normally performed during translation of the source code.

This is particularly useful when the database to be used at runtime differs from what was available to use for semantics-checking during translation. In these circumstances, you can use SQLCheckerCustomizer after deployment, against the runtime database, typically in a scenario where the source code is no longer available.

You can specify the checker to use. If you accept the default OracleChecker front end, SQLCheckerCustomizer will perform online semantics-checking using an appropriate online checker.


Note:

For online semantics-checking of the profile, you must also specify connection parameters using the customizer harness connection options. 


Invoking SQLCheckerCustomizer with the Customizer Harness verify Option

Following are examples of how to specify the Oracle customizer harness verify option to run SQLCheckerCustomizer in its default mode. Because it defaults to an online checker, you typically must provide connection parameters through the customizer harness user, password, and url options. (The first example is a single wrap-around command line.)

sqlj -P-verify -P-user=scott -P-password=tiger -P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@ 
Foo_SJProfile0.ser Bar_SJProfile0.ser

sqlj -P-verify -P-user=scott -P-password=tiger -P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@ *.ser

The verify option results in the customizer harness instantiating and invoking the following class:

sqlj.runtime.profile.util.SQLCheckerCustomizer

This class coordinates semantics-checking of the SQL operations in the profile. You can specify a semantics-checker or accept the default OracleChecker semantics-checker front end.

The -P-verify option is equivalent to the following:

 -P-customizer=sqlj.runtime.profile.util.SQLCheckerCustomizer

This overrides the customizer specified in the SQLJ -default-customizer option.


Notes:

  • As with any Oracle customizer, help output and an option list will be provided if you specify -P-verify together with -P-help on the SQLJ command line.

  • It is important to realize that because the verify option invokes a customizer, and only one customizer can run in any single running of SQLJ, you cannot do any other customization when you use this option.

  • You also cannot use more than one of -P-print, -P-debug, and -P-verify simultaneously, because each of these invokes a specialized customizer.

 
Command-line syntax
sqlj -P-verify <conn params> profile_list
Command-line example
sqlj -P-verify <conn params> Foo_SJProfile*.ser
Properties file syntax
profile.verify

(You must also specify profiles, and typically customizer harness connection options, in the SQLJ command line.)

Properties file example
profile.verify
Default value

n/a

SQLCheckerCustomizer Options

Like any customizer, SQLCheckerCustomizer has its own options, which can be set using the -P-C prefix on the SQLJ command line (or profile.C, instead of -P-C, in a SQLJ properties file).

SQLCheckerCustomizer supports the following options:

SQLCheckerCustomizer Semantics-Checker Option (checker)

The checker option allows you to specify the semantics-checker to use in checking the SQL operations in a profile.

This defaults to the Oracle semantics-checker front end, oracle.sqlj.checker.OracleChecker, which for SQLCheckerCustomizer chooses an appropriate online checker for your environment. For more information about OracleChecker, see "Semantics-Checkers and the OracleChecker Front End (default checker)".

Following is a full command-line example, showing how to use the SQLCheckerCustomizer checker option, in conjunction with the customizer harness verify option and connection options.

sqlj -P-verify -P-user=scott -P-password=tiger -P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@ 
-P-Cchecker=abc.def.MyChecker *.ser

(This is a single wrap-around command line.)

Command-line syntax
-P-Cchecker=checker_class
Command-line example
-P-Cchecker=a.b.c.MyChecker
Properties file syntax
profile.Cchecker=checker_class
Properties file example
profile.Cchecker=a.b.c.MyChecker
Default value
oracle.sqlj.checker.OracleChecker

SQLCheckerCustomizer Warnings Option (warn)

The warn option is equivalent to the SQLJ translator -warn option, allowing you to choose the categories of warnings and messages to be displayed as semantics-checking is performed on a profile.

For a complete description of the functionality and possible settings of these options, see "Translator Warnings (-warn)".

This defaults to the all,noverbose,noportable settings, resulting in all warning categories except verbose and portable being enabled. You will receive any warnings regarding inheritance hierarchy requirements, data precision, conversion loss for nullable data, and strict matching for named iterators. These are the same defaults as for warnings during SQLJ translation.

Following is a full command-line example showing how to use the SQLCheckerCustomizer warn option, in conjunction with the customizer harness verify option and connection options. This would result in only portability warnings being displayed.

sqlj -P-verify -P-user=scott -P-password=tiger -P-url=jdbc:oracle:oci:@ 
-P-Cwarn=none,portable *.ser

(This is a single wrap-around command line.)

Command-line syntax
-P-Cwarn=comma-separated_list_of_flags
Command-line example
-P-Cwarn=none,verbose
Properties file syntax
profile.Cwarn=comma-separated_list_of_flags
Properties file example
profile.Cwarn=none,verbose
Default value
all,noverbose,noportable


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