Oracle® Data Mining Administrator's Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part Number B14338-02 |
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A number of demo programs are available with Oracle Data Mining. These programs illustrate the many features of the PL/SQL API, the Data Mining SQL functions, the Java API, and the BLAST table functions.
The demo programs create a set of models in the database. You can experiment with these models using either the APIs or Oracle Data Miner. You can examine the sample source code, which includes numerous comments, to familiarize yourself with the Oracle Data Mining APIs, and you can create your own models by modifying the samples.
This chapter includes the following sections:
Several installation and configuration steps must be completed before you can run the Data Mining demo programs. Many of these steps are explained in this chapter. Some steps, such as installing Oracle Database, are explained in other chapters of this manual.
Complete these steps before attempting to run the Data Mining demo programs:
Install Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2) Enterprise Edition with the sample schemas, or obtain the connection information to an existing installation. See Chapter 1.
Obtain the demo programs by installing the Database Companion or by downloading from the Oracle Technology Network web site. See "Obtaining the Demo Programs".
Create a user ID for running the demo programs. Grant the necessary privileges to this user. See "Creating a Demo User" and "Granting Access Rights".
Populate the schema of the demo user with objects used by the demo programs. See "Populating the Schema"
To run the Java demos, check the requirements described in "Preparing to Run the Java Programs".
To run the BLAST demo, check the requirements described in "Preparing to Run the BLAST Demo".
The Oracle Data Mining sample programs are provided with Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. They are also available for download from the Oracle Technology Network.
You can download a zip file containing the demo programs and documentation from the Oracle Data Mining page on OTN. Use the following URL.
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/odm/index.html
Extract the contents of the zip file, making sure to preserve the directory structure. The files will be copied to a directory called DATA MINING demos
on your computer.
The zip file contains documentation similar to the information in this chapter. To access the documentation, open the file index.html
in a browser.
Ensure that the SQL programs are located in a directory where you can access them using SQL*Plus. You may want to copy the Java programs to a Java development environment such as jDeveloper.
The Database Companion installation process copies the Oracle Data Mining demo programs, along with examples and demos of other database features, to the \RDBMS\demo
subdirectory under ORACLE_HOME
.
Note:
In Oracle Database 10.1, Data Mining was installed inORACLE_HOME\dm
, and the Data Mining demo programs were installed in ORACLE_HOME\dm\demo\sample
.
In Oracle 10g Release 2 (10.2), Data Mining is installed in the ORACLE_HOME\RDBMS
directory, and the Data Mining demo programs are installed in ORACLE_HOME\RDBMS\demo
.
To install the Database Companion on a Windows platform, take these steps:
From the Companion installation directory, run SETUP.EXE
.
Oracle Universal Installer opens and displays the Welcome page. Click Next to advance to each page.
On the Select a Product to Install page, select Oracle Database 10g Products 10.2.0.0.0.
On the Specify Home Details page, select the Oracle home in which you installed Oracle Database 10g Release 2. Do not rely on the default setting to be correct.
On the Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks page, verify that all checks succeeded. If any checks failed, then you must correct the problem before proceeding.
On the Summary page, review your previous choices, then click Install.
On the End of Installation page, confirm that the installation was successful.
You can find the SQL demos by searching for dm*.sql
in ORACLE_HOME\RDBMS\demo
. You can find the Java demos by searching for dm*.java
.
On a Windows platform, you can use Windows File Manager to list the SQL programs as follows.
You can use Windows File Manager to list the Java programs as follows.
Data Mining demo users require several database permissions, as well as SELECT
access to tables in the SH
sample schema. Users that will primarily use the demo programs, and not be mining large data sets, do not need personal tablespaces.
Note:
In Oracle Database 10.1, a data mining user account, calledDMUSER
, was provided with the software. In Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2), DMUSER
is no longer provided; you must create your own data mining user accounts.To create a demo user for Oracle Data Mining, take these steps:
Create a user name and password.
Run the dmshgrants
script to grant the necessary privileges to the user.
Run the dmsh
script to populate the user's schema with objects that support the demo programs.
To create the user in SQL*Plus, log in as the SYSTEM
user and type a command like the following:
CREATE USER dmuser IDENTIFIED BY dmpsw DEFAULT TABLESPACE users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp QUOTA UNLIMITED on users;
This command creates the user dmuser
with the password dmpsw
. It provides default access to two tablespaces shared by several other sample schemas.
To create the user in Enterprise Manager, follow steps like these:
Open Enterprise Manager and log in as the SYSTEM
user.
On the Administration page, choose Users.
On the Users page, click the Create button.
On the Create Users page, provide information like this.
You can use the Quota page to grant unlimited quota to the USERS
schema.
The dmshgrants
script grants database privileges to a demo user. These privileges are the same as those listed in "Access Rights".
The dmshgrants
script is provided by the Database Companion installation. You can locate it in the \rdbms\demo
subdirectory of ORACLE_HOME
. The dmshgrants
script is also included with the Data Mining demos in the zip file you can download from OTN.
In addition to granting database privileges, dmshgrants
grants SELECT
rights on these tables in the SH
schema:
COUNTRIES
CUSTOMERS
PRODUCTS
SUPPLEMENTARY_DEMOGRAPHICS
SALES
For text mining, dmshgrants
grants access rights to an Oracle Text package:
EXECUTE ON ctxsys.ctx_ddl
If you do not have access to dmshgrants
, you can set permissions using the SQL GRANT
command or Enterprise Manager Database Control.
The following command, executed in SQL*Plus on a Windows platform, passes two arguments to dmshgrants
: The password for the SH
user (shpsw
in this case) and the user name receiving the access rights (dmuser
).
@%ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmshgrants shpsw dmuser
On Linux, this is the equivalent command:
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/demo/dmshgrants shpsw dmuser
The dmsh
script populates the schema of the demo user with tables and views that reference the source data in the SH
schema. It also creates tables and indexes that support text mining.
The dmsh
script, like dmshgrants
, is provided by the Database Companion installation. and is included with the Data Mining demos in the zip file you can download from OTN.
To run dmsh
, log in to SQL*Plus as the data mining user (in this case, dmuser
with the password dmpsw
).
SQL>Connect dmuser/dmpsw SQL>@%ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmsh SQL>commit;
The Oracle Data Mining demo programs use data in the SH
sample schema. If the sample schemas were not originally installed in the database, you must install SH
.
To install the sample schemas after installation of Oracle Database, use Database Configuration Assistant. For an example that uses Database Configuration Assistant, see "Adding the Data Mining Option to a Database".
To install SH
without the other sample schemas, run the sh_main
script. The sh_main.sql
file is located in \demo\schema\sales_history
in the Oracle home directory. You must run the script as SYS
.
See Also:
Oracle Database Sample Schemas for more details about installing the sample schemas.Let's assume that you have access to Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2), which has been installed on a Windows host with the Data Mining option, the sample schemas, and the sample programs. You can log in to this database as SYS
using SQL*Plus.
Several Data Mining users (dmuser1
and dmuser2
) have already been created in this database. You want to create your own user ID (dmuser3
) and run the demo programs to create some starter models in your schema. To accomplish this, you would perform the following steps.
Log in to the database as SYS
and create the dmuser3
user.
> sqlplus Enter user-name: sys / as sysdba Enter password: sys_password SQL> create user dmuser3 identified by dmuser3_password default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp quota unlimited on users;
Run dmshgrants.sql
to grant privileges to dmuser3
.
SQL> @ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmshgrants SH_password dmuser3
Connect as dmuser3
and run dmsh.sql
to populate the dmuser3
schema with views and tables needed by the demo programs. Save your changes in the database.
SQL> connect dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL> @ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmsh
SQL> commit;
You can now run any of the PL/SQL data mining demos. For example, while logged in to SQL*Plus as dmuser3
, you could run the Naive Bayes PL/SQL demo with the following statement.
SQL>@ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmnbdemo
You can also run any of the Java data mining demos, if you have Java 1.4.2 or higher and your CLASSPATH
is set as described in "Preparing to Run the Java Programs". For example, you could run the Naive Bayes Java demo with a command like the following at the operating system prompt.
>java dmnbdemo myserver:1521:orcl dmuser3 dmuser3_password
Note that the BLAST demo uses different data sets and requires a separate setup procedure. See "Preparing to Run the BLAST Demo".
Note:
All the demo programs are re-executable. They start by deleting the results of the previous run before executing the current run.The dmsh.sql
script creates views, tables, and indexes in the user's schema. The views define columns of customer data from tables in the SH
schema. This data is used by the Data Mining demo programs. The tables reference the same columns in SH
, but they include an extra COMMENTS
column for text mining. The indexes are used to extract terms from the text in the COMMENTS
column and build a nested table column.
Views in the data mining user's schema define columns of data from the CUSTOMERS
, SALES
, PRODUCTS
, COUNTRIES
, and SUPPLEMENTARY_DEMOGRAPHICS
tables in the SH
schema. You can list these views with the following SQL statements.
SQL>connect dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL>select view_name from user_views;
The views are listed in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Views Used by the Data Mining Demo Programs
View Name | Description |
---|---|
|
Scoring data for o-cluster |
|
Build data for o-cluster |
|
Scoring data for data mining (not text mining) |
|
Build data for data mining (not text mining) |
|
Test data for data mining (not text mining) |
|
Data for association rules |
|
Data for one-class SVM |
You can see the references to tables in SH
by listing the view definitions. The definition of the view MINING_DATA_BUILD_V
is shown as follows.
SQL>set long 1000000 SQL>set longc 100000 SQL>select text from all_views where owner='DMUSER3'and view_name='MINING_DATA_BUILD_V'; SELECT a.CUST_ID, a.CUST_GENDER, 2003-a.CUST_YEAR_OF_BIRTH AGE, a.CUST_MARITAL_STATUS, c.COUNTRY_NAME, a.CUST_INCOME_LEVEL, b.EDUCATION, b.OCC UPATION, b.HOUSEHOLD_SIZE, b.YRS_RESIDENCE, b.AFFINITY_CARD, b.BULK_PACK_DISKETTES, b.FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR, b.HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE, b.BOOKKEEPING _APPLICATION, b.PRINTER_SUPPLIES, b.Y_BOX_GAMES, b.OS_DOC_SET_KANJI FROM sh.customers a, sh.supplementary_demographics b, sh.countries c WHERE a.CUST_ID = b.CUST_ID AND a.country_id = c.country_id AND a.cust_id between 101501 and 103000
The views are used to build, test, and score the sample models. Each view has a CUSTOMER_ID
column, which is the case ID, and an AFFINITY_CARD
column, which is the target used by the predictive models. Most of the views provide data for 1500 customers (1500 rows). The view used by the one-class SVM model has data for 940 customers.
The columns of build data in the MINING_DATA_BUILD_V
view are listed in the following example.
SQL> describe MINING_DATA_BUILD_V CUST_ID NOT NULL NUMBER CUST_GENDER NOT NULL CHAR(1) AGE NUMBER CUST_MARITAL_STATUS VARCHAR2(20) COUNTRY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(40) CUST_INCOME_LEVEL VARCHAR2(30) EDUCATION VARCHAR2(21) OCCUPATION VARCHAR2(21) HOUSEHOLD_SIZE VARCHAR2(21) YRS_RESIDENCE NUMBER AFFINITY_CARD NUMBER(10) BULK_PACK_DISKETTES NUMBER(10) FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR NUMBER(10) HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE NUMBER(10) BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION NUMBER(10) PRINTER_SUPPLIES NUMBER(10) Y_BOX_GAMES NUMBER(10) OS_DOC_SET_KANJI NUMBER(10)
The association rules demos use the MARKET_BASKET_V
data set, which includes columns of products from the PRODUCTS
table and the CUSTOMER_ID
column from the CUSTOMERS
table in SH
. The columns of the MARKET_BASKET_V
view are listed in the following example.
SQL> describe MARKET_BASKET_V CUST_ID NOT NULL NUMBER EXTENSION_CABLE NUMBER FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR NUMBER CD_RW_HIGH_SPEED_5_PACK NUMBER ENVOY_256MB_40GB NUMBER ENVOY_AMBASSADOR NUMBER EXTERNAL_8X_CD_ROM NUMBER KEYBOARD_WRIST_REST NUMBER SM26273_BLACK_INK_CARTRIDGE NUMBER MOUSE_PAD NUMBER MULTIMEDIA_SPEAKERS_3INCH NUMBER OS_DOC_SET_ENGLISH NUMBER SIMM_16MB_PCMCIAII_CARD NUMBER STANDARD_MOUSE NUMBER
The text mining demos use the same customer data from tables in SH
, but they include either an extra text column or a collection type column. The collection type is a nested table of type DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS
.
You can list these tables with the following SQL statements.
SQL>connect dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL>select table_name from user_tables where table_name like '%MINING%';
The tables are listed in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Tables Used by the Text Mining Demo Programs
Table Name | Description |
---|---|
|
Apply table with |
|
Build table with |
|
Test table with |
|
Apply table with |
|
Build table with |
|
Test table with |
In the MINING_BUILD_TEXT
, MINING_TEST_TEXT
, and MINING_APPLY_TEXT
tables, the COMMENTS
column is of type VARCHAR2(4000)
.
SQL> describe MINING_BUILD_TEXT Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- CUST_ID NOT NULL NUMBER CUST_GENDER NOT NULL CHAR(1) AGE NUMBER CUST_MARITAL_STATUS VARCHAR2(20) COUNTRY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(40) CUST_INCOME_LEVEL VARCHAR2(30) EDUCATION VARCHAR2(21) OCCUPATION VARCHAR2(21) HOUSEHOLD_SIZE VARCHAR2(21) YRS_RESIDENCE NUMBER AFFINITY_CARD NUMBER(10) BULK_PACK_DISKETTES NUMBER(10) FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR NUMBER(10) HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE NUMBER(10) BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION NUMBER(10) PRINTER_SUPPLIES NUMBER(10) Y_BOX_GAMES NUMBER(10) OS_DOC_SET_KANJI NUMBER(10) COMMENTS VARCHAR2(4000)
In the MINING_*_NESTED_TEXT
tables, the COMMENTS
column is of type DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS
.
SQL> describe MINING_BUILD_NESTED_TEXT Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- CUST_ID NOT NULL NUMBER CUST_GENDER NOT NULL CHAR(1) AGE NUMBER CUST_MARITAL_STATUS VARCHAR2(20) COUNTRY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(40) CUST_INCOME_LEVEL VARCHAR2(30) EDUCATION VARCHAR2(21) OCCUPATION VARCHAR2(21) HOUSEHOLD_SIZE VARCHAR2(21) YRS_RESIDENCE NUMBER AFFINITY_CARD NUMBER(10) BULK_PACK_DISKETTES NUMBER(10) FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR NUMBER(10) HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE NUMBER(10) BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION NUMBER(10) PRINTER_SUPPLIES NUMBER(10) Y_BOX_GAMES NUMBER(10) OS_DOC_SET_KANJI NUMBER(10) COMMENTS DMSYS.DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS
The process of extracting terms from a text column into a nested table column is described in "Text Mining Demo Programs" and in the Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide.
The PL/SQL demo programs illustrate the use of the DBMS_DATA_MINING
package for creating models and the DBMS_DATA_MINING_TRANSFORM
package for performing transformations on the mining data.
Table 4-3 lists the PL/SQL demo programs.
Table 4-3 Mining Functions in PL/SQL demos
Mining Function | Algorithm | Program File |
---|---|---|
Association Rules |
Apriori |
dmardemo.sql |
Attribute Importance |
Minimum Descriptor Length |
dmaidemo.sql |
Classification |
Adaptive Bayes Network |
dmabdemo.sql |
Classification |
Decision Tree |
dmdtdemo.sql |
Classification |
Decision Tree (cross validation) |
dmdtxvlddemo.sql |
Classification |
Naive Bayes |
dmnbdemo.sql |
Classification |
Support Vector Machines |
dmsvcdem.sql |
Classification |
Support Vector Machines (One Class) |
dmsvodem.sql |
Clustering |
k-Means |
dmkmdemo.sql |
Clustering |
O-Cluster |
dmocdemo.sql |
Feature Extraction |
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization |
dmnmdemo.sql |
Regression |
Support Vector Machines |
dmsvrdem.sql |
Text Mining |
Term extraction using CTX procedures |
dmtxtfe.sql |
Text Mining |
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization |
dmtxtnmf.sql |
Text Mining |
Support Vector Machines (Classification) |
dmtxtsvm.sql |
Note:
The PL/SQL text mining demos are described in "Text Mining in PL/SQL".See Also:
Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference and Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide for information on the Oracle Data Mining PL/SQL API. See Oracle Database SQL Reference for information on the SQL functions for data mining.Summary descriptions of the PL/SQL demo programs are provided in Table 4-4. For detailed descriptions of the demo programs, see the comments in the source code.
Table 4-4 Overview of the PL/SQL Demo Programs
Mining Function | Description |
---|---|
Classification |
The classification programs demonstrate various preprocessing techniques and perform the following steps:
The |
Regression |
|
Association |
|
Clustering |
|
Feature Extraction |
|
Attribute Importance |
|
Note:
The SQL functions for Data Mining are documented in Oracle Database SQL Reference. Information about these functions is also provided in Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide, where they are referred to as SQL scoring functions.Some of the PL/SQL demo programs use Data Mining SQL functions to apply models created with the DBMS_DATA_MINING
package. The Data Mining functions can also be used to apply models created with the Java API.
The programs that demonstrate the Data Mining functions are listed in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5 Data Mining SQL Functions in the Demo Programs
Program Name | Algorithm | SQL Functions Used |
---|---|---|
|
k-Means |
|
|
O-Cluster |
|
|
NMF |
|
|
Decision Tree |
|
|
SVM Classification |
|
|
SVM One Class |
|
|
SVM Regression |
|
|
Text Mining |
|
In SQL*Plus, use commands like the following to execute the sample programs and list the models created by them.
>sqlplus dmuser3/dmuser3_password SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> set echo on SQL> @ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\program_name . . . . SQL> set linesize 200 SQL> set pagesize 100 SQL> select NAME, FUNCTION_NAME, ALGORITHM_NAME, TARGET_ATTRIBUTE from DM_USER_MODELS; NAME FUNCTION_NAME ALGORITHM_NAME TARGET_ATTRIBUTE --------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------- T_NMF_SAMPLE FEATURE_EXTRACTION NONNEGATIVE_MATRIX_FACTOR T_SVM_CLAS_SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AFFINITY_CARD AR_SH_SAMPLE ASSOCIATION_RULES APRIORI_ASSOCIATION_RULES AI_SH_SAMPLE ATTRIBUTE_IMPORTANCE MINIMUM_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH AFFINITY_CARD ABN_SH_CLAS_SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION ADAPTIVE_BAYES_NETWORK AFFINITY_CARD DT_SH_CLAS_SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION DECISION_TREE AFFINITY_CARD NB_SH_CLAS_SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION NAIVE_BAYES AFFINITY_CARD SVMC_SH_CLAS_SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AFFINITY_CARD OC_SH_CLUS_SAMPLE CLUSTERING O_CLUSTER KM_SH_CLUS_SAMPLE CLUSTERING KMEANS NMF_SH_SAMPLE FEATURE_EXTRACTION NONNEGATIVE_MATRIX_FACTOR SVMR_SH_REGR_SAMPLE REGRESSION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AGE
The Java demos illustrate the features of the Oracle Data Mining Java API, which implements Oracle-specific extensions to the Java Data Mining (JDM) 1.0 standard.
The Java demos demonstrate data preprocessing and the basic mining functions. Additional Java samples demonstrate predictive analytics, import/export, and text mining.
Table 4-6 lists the Java programs that illustrate the basic mining functions.
Table 4-6 Mining Functions in Java Demos
Mining Function | Algorithm | Program File |
---|---|---|
Association Rules |
Apriori |
dmardemo.java |
Attribute Importance |
Minimum Descriptor Length |
dmaidemo.java |
Classification |
Adaptive Bayes Network |
dmabdemo.java |
Classification |
Decision Trees |
dmtreedemo.java |
Classification |
Naive Bayes |
dmnbdemo.java |
Classification |
Support Vector Machines |
dmsvcdemo.java |
Classification |
Support Vector Machines (one class) |
dmsvodemo.java |
Clustering |
K-Means |
dmkmdemo.java |
Clustering |
O-Cluster |
dmocdemo.java |
Feature Extraction |
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization |
dmnmdemo.java |
Regression |
Support Vector Machines |
dmsvrdemo.java |
Text Mining |
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization |
dmtxtnmfdemo.java |
Text Mining |
Support Vector Machines (Classification) |
dmtxtsvmdemo.java |
Table 4-7 lists the Java programs that illustrate special mining tasks. These features are all supported in the PL/SQL API as well, since the Java API is layered on the PL/SQL API.
Table 4-7 Mining Tasks in Java Demos
Mining Task | Description | Demo Program File |
---|---|---|
Data Transformations |
Binning, clipping, and normalization |
dmxfdemo.java |
Predictive Analytics |
Automated predict and explain |
dmpademo.java |
Model Export/Import |
dmexpimpdemo.java |
|
Classification Model Scoring |
Ways of applying an NB model |
dmapplydemo.java |
Note:
The Java text mining demos are described in "Text Mining in Java".See Also:
Oracle Data Mining Java API Reference (javadoc) and the Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide for information on the Java API.Summary descriptions of the Java demo programs are provided in Table 4-8. For detailed descriptions, see the comments in the source code.
Table 4-8 Overview of the Java Demo Programs
Mining Function or Task | Description |
---|---|
Classification |
The classification programs demonstrate various preprocessing techniques and perform the following steps:
The |
Regression |
|
Association |
|
Clustering |
|
Feature Extraction |
|
Attribute Importance |
|
Data Transformations |
|
Predictive Analytics |
|
Model Import/Export |
|
Before running the Java programs, do the following:
Check that the version of Java you are using is 1.4.2. You can execute the following in a command window to check the version of Java:
>java -version
Ensure that your CLASSPATH
includes the following JAR files:
%ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\jlib\jdm.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\jlib\ojdm_api.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\jlib\xdb.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\jdbc\lib\ojdbc14.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\oc4j\j2ee\home\lib\connector.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\jlib\orai18n.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\jlib\orai18n-mapping.jar %ORACLE_HOME%\lib\xmlparserv2.jar
Compile the programs. Use the javac
executable in the \jdk\bin\
directory within Oracle home.
>javac program_name
Use the following syntax to execute the Java demo programs. Use the java
executable in the \jdk\bin\
directory within Oracle home.
>java program_name connect_string user_name user_password
The connection string specifies your Oracle database connection. It identifies the machine hosting the database, the port through which the connection is made, and the name of the database instance (the Oracle system identifier).
host_name:port:SID
For example, the following command executes the Naive Bayes demo dmnbdemo.java
as dmuser3
in the database instance orcl
on host mach05
at port 1521.
>java dmnbdemo mach05:1521:orcl dmuser3 dmuser3_password
You can list the models created by the Java programs with commands like the following in SQL*Plus.
>sqlplus dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> set pagesize 100
SQL> select NAME, FUNCTION_NAME, ALGORITHM_NAME, TARGET_ATTRIBUTE
from dm_user_models where NAME like '%JDM';
NAME FUNCTION_NAME ALGORITHM_NAME TARGET_ATTRIBUTE
----------------- --------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------
TXTNMFMODEL_JDM FEATURE_EXTRACTION NONNEGATIVE_MATRIX_FACTOR
ARMODEL_JDM ASSOCIATION_RULES APRIORI_ASSOCIATION_RULES
TREEMODEL_JDM CLASSIFICATION DECISION_TREE AFFINITY_CARD
AIMODEL_JDM ATTRIBUTE_IMPORTANCE MINIMUM_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH AFFINITY_CARD
ABNMODEL_JDM CLASSIFICATION ADAPTIVE_BAYES_NETWORK AFFINITY_CARD
NBMODEL_JDM CLASSIFICATION NAIVE_BAYES AFFINITY_CARD
SVMCMODEL_JDM CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AFFINITY_CARD
SVMOMODEL_JDM CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES
KMMODEL_JDM CLUSTERING KMEANS
OCMODEL_JDM CLUSTERING O_CLUSTER
NMFMODEL_JDM FEATURE_EXTRACTION NONNEGATIVE_MATRIX_FACTOR
SVMRMODEL_JDM REGRESSION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AGE
TXTSVMMODEL_JDM CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AFFINITY_CARD
Oracle Data Mining can mine text columns that have undergone pre-processing by Oracle Text routines.
Oracle Text is a technology for building text query and document classification applications. It provides indexing, word and theme searching, and viewing capabilities for text. Oracle Text is included in a general installation of Oracle Database Enterprise Edition, and therefore is already present in a database installed according to the instructions in Chapter 1.
The pre-processing steps for text mining create nested table columns of type DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS
from columns of type VARCHAR2
or CLOB
. Each row of the nested table specifies an attribute name and a value. The type definition is as follows.
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE DM_NESTED_NUMERICAL AS OBJECT (attribute_name VARCHAR2(30), value NUMBER) / CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS AS TABLE OF DM_NESTED_NUMERICAL
Terms extracted from text documents into nested tables can become generic attributes in training or scoring data. Classification, clustering, and feature-extraction models can be built using these attributes.
Sample text mining programs in both PL/SQL and Java illustrate classification and feature extraction of a pre-processed text column.
Three PL/SQL demo programs illustrate the process of text mining. One program illustrates the pre-processing that is required to prepare the data for mining. The other two programs build models that use the transformed text.
To prepare a column for text mining using the PL/SQL API, you must use Oracle Text routines to perform the following general steps:
Create a domain index on the column.
Use the index to extract terms from the column to a temporary table.
Populate a column of type DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS
with the terms in the temporary table.
The process of term extraction using Oracle Text is illustrated in the demo program dmtxtfe.sql
. The source code contains extensive comments that explain the steps involved in transforming text into a set of features that can be mined using Oracle Data Mining.
More details about text transformation are provided in the Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide.
The dmsh.sql
script performs the text transformation required by the PL/SQL text mining demos. There are two such demos: dmtxtnmf.sq
l, which builds a feature extraction model using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, and dmtxtsvm.sql
, which builds a classification model using Support Vector Machines. Both of these programs use the tables that have a nested table column of comment data.
MINING_BUILD_NESTED_TEXT MINING_TEST_NESTED_TEXT MINING_APPLY_NESTED_TEXT
You can run the PL/SQL text mining demo programs, dmtxtnmf.sq
l and dmtxtsvm.sql
, like the other PL/SQL programs. The models created by these programs are listed in the following example.
SQL> @ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmtxtnmf.sql SQL> @ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmtxtsvm.sql SQL> select NAME, FUNCTION_NAME, ALGORITHM_NAME, TARGET_ATTRIBUTE from dm_user_models;NAME FUNCTION_NAME ALGORITHM_NAME TARGET_ATTRIBUTE ---------------- ------------------ ------------------------ ----------------T_NMF_SAMPLE FEATURE_EXTRACTION NONNEGATIVE_MATRIX_FACTOR T_SVM_CLAS_SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AFFINITY_CARD
Two Java demo programs illustrate the process of text mining. One builds a feature extraction model, the other builds a classification model.
The Oracle Data Mining Java API provides an interface that handles the term extraction process. If you are developing data mining applications in Java, you do not need to use Oracle Text directly. However, you must ensure that Oracle Text is present in the database.
The OraTextTransform
interface is used to perform text transformation within the Java text mining demos. There are two such demos: dmtxtnmfdemo.java
, which builds a feature extraction model using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, and dmtxtsvmdemo.java
, which builds a classification model using Support Vector Machines. Both of these programs create build, test, and apply data sets from the tables that have a text column of comment data.
MINING_BUILD_TEXT MINING_TEST_TEXT MINING_APPLY_TEXT
You can run the Java text mining demo programs, dmtxtnmfdemo.java
and dmtxtsvmdemo.java
, like the other Java programs. The models created by these programs are shown in the following example.
> java dmtxtnmfdemo host:port:SID dmuser3 dmuser3_password > java dmtxtsvmdemo host:port:SID dmuser3 dmuser3_password >sqlplus dmuser3/dmuser3_password SQL> select NAME, FUNCTION_NAME, ALGORITHM_NAME, TARGET_ATTRIBUTE from dm_user_models;NAME FUNCTION_NAME ALGORITHM_NAME TARGET_ATTRIBUTE ---------------- ------------------ ------------------------ ----------------txtnmfModel_jdm FEATURE_EXTRACTION NONNEGATIVE_MATRIX_FACTOR txtsvmModel_jdm CLASSIFICATION SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINES AFFINITY_CARD
The Oracle implementation of the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is demonstrated in the demo program, dmbldemo.sql
. This program provides examples of sequence matching queries using the BLAST table functions.
Note:
The BLAST algorithm detects local alignments in nucleotide and protein databases. BLAST performs a kind of data mining, since it finds regions of similarity embedded in otherwise unrelated sequences. However, BLAST does not use Oracle Data Mining technology. It is a completely independent tool.For more information about the Oracle implementation of BLAST, see Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide
The BLAST demo program and configuration scripts are listed in Table 4-9.
Table 4-9 BLAST Demo Files
File Name | Description |
---|---|
dmbldemo.sql |
BLAST demo program. |
dmblcoli.sql |
Script that creates the Ecoli data set. |
dmblprot.sql |
Script that creates the Swiss Protein data set. |
dmblprot.txt |
Text for SQL*Loader to load into the Swiss Protein data set. |
dmbl.ctl |
Control file for SQL*Loader to use in loading the Swiss Protein data set. |
See Also:
Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide and Oracle Data Mining Concepts for information on BLAST.The demo BLAST table functions in dmbldemo.sql
use two data sets: SwissProt
and ecoli10
. To prepare these data sets, log in to SQL*Plus as the data mining user and run the dmblprot
and dmblcoli
scripts as shown in the following example.
SQL>connect dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL>@ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmblprot.sql
SQL>@ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmblcoli.sql
Exit SQL*Plus and use the SQL*Loader utility to load data into the SwissProt
database in the schema of the data mining user. From the command prompt, change to the \rdbms\demo
directory under Oracle home and execute the following command.
>sqlldir dmuser3/dmuser3_password
control=dmblprot.ctl data=dmblprot.txt log=dmblprot.log
The demo program dmbldemo.sql
contains multiple invocations of BLAST table functions. You can run them all at once by running the dmbldemo.sql
script, or you can copy individual table functions to the SQL*Plus command line and execute them individually.
To run the demo program, log in to SQL*Plus as the data mining user and run the dmbldemo.sql
script as shown in the following example.
SQL>connect dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL> @ %ORACLE_HOME%\rdbms\demo\dmbldemo.sql
The following example shows how you could execute the sample BLASTP_MATCH
table function at the SQL*Plus command line. BLASTP_MATCH
is run against all the human proteins in the SwissProt
database.
SQL>connect dmuser3/dmuser3_password
SQL>SET serveroutput ON
SQL>SET trimspool ON
SQL>SET pages 10000
SQL>column seq_id format a10
SQL>select T_SEQ_ID AS seq_id, score, EXPECT as evalue
from TABLE(
BLASTP_MATCH (
(select sequence from query_db),
CURSOR(SELECT seq_id, seq_data
FROM swissprot
WHERE organism = 'Homo sapiens (Human)'),
1,
-1,
0,
0,
'BLOSUM62',
10,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0)
)
order by score,seq_id;
The output of this table function is shown as follows.
SEQ_ID SCORE EVALUE ---------- ---------- ---------- P58107 49 7.24297332 P31947 169 8.8130E-14 P27348 198 3.8228E-17 Q04917 198 3.8228E-17 P31946 205 5.8977E-18