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Oracle® Database Installation Guide
10g Release 2 (10.2) for hp OpenVMS

Part Number B25414-02
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2 Preinstallation Tasks

This chapter describes the tasks that you must complete before you start Oracle Universal Installer. It includes information about the following tasks:

2.1 Checking Hardware Requirements

Note:

Oracle Database 10g must be installed on an ODS-5 formatted disk. Refer to Section 1.2, "Changes and Enhancements" for information about this.

The following sections list the minimum hardware requirements for installing Oracle Database products on an OpenVMS system.

2.1.1 Minimum Hardware Requirements

The following are the minimum hardware requirements for installing Oracle Database 10g.

RAM

A minimum of one GB RAM is required to install Oracle Database products. Oracle Database Client products require 512 MB of RAM.

To determine the amount of RAM installed on the system as well as the amount of paging currently configured on the system, enter the following command:

$ SHOW MEMORY

To review memory reservations on the node, run the following command:

$ SHOW MEMORY/RESERVED 
System Memory Resources on 13-JUL-2002 09:57:11.72 

Memory Reservations (pages):   Group   Reserved  In Use  Type
ORA_PROD_SGA                   SYSGBL  5120      0       Allocated
ORA_PROD_SGA                   SYSGBL  5         0       Page Table
Total (40.04 Mbytes reserved)          5125      0

See Also:

Chip Set

Hp OpenVMS AlphaServer systems must have an EV56 or later generation CPU. Refer to Section 1.2, "Changes and Enhancements" for more information.

DVD Drive

A DVD drive that is supported by OpenVMS is required. Oracle uses ODS-5 format installation media.

2.1.2 Images

Three images are installed (using the install utility) by default by Oracle Database Enterprise Edition.

LIBCLNTSH.SO is linked with Oracle Database Client images, reduces their size by removing direct references to Oracle Net Services and other common routines. ORACLE.EXE is the Oracle server image and will not be present in a Client-only installation.

2.1.3 Disk Space Requirements

Oracle Universal Installer enables you to select an installation category and type. Your choices determine how much disk space is required. The disk space requirements do not include the size of the database. A production Oracle Database that supports many users requires significant disk space and memory.

Table 2-1 lists the disk space requirements for Oracle Database.

Table 2-1 Disk Space Requirements for Oracle Database Server

Installation Type Required Disk Space

Enterprise Edition

10 GB

Custom

Depends on the components selected, but a minimum of 5 GB

Staging area (copying dvd contents to disk)

5 GB


Table 2-2 lists the disk space requirements for Oracle Database Client.

Table 2-2 Disk Space Requirements for Oracle Database Client

Installation Type Required Disk Space

Administrator

4.5 GB

Run time

4.5 GB

Custom

9 GB


2.1.4 Oracle Advanced Security

Oracle Advanced Security is an add-on product that is added to the standard Oracle Net Services Server or Oracle Net Services Client. If you purchase it, then install it on both the server and the client.

The SSL version compatibility is SSL3.0 or later.Kerberos and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) have requirements for authentication protocols that are supported by Oracle Advanced Security. No additional authentication protocol software is required to relink Oracle products. The requirements for Kerberos and SSL are as follows:

  • Kerberos

    Requires MIT Kerberos version 5 release 1.1. The Kerberos authentication server must be installed on a physically secure system.

  • SSL

    Requires a wallet that is compatible with the Oracle Wallet Manager version 10.2. Wallets that were created by using earlier releases of the Oracle Wallet Manager are not upward-compatible. Oracle Advanced Security provides and installs SSL.

See Also:

For more information about Oracle Advanced Security and system management products, refer to Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator's Guide

Note:

No additional authentication protocol software is required to relink Oracle products. However, Oracle does not provide third-party authentication servers (Kerberos, for example). The appropriate authentication server for these protocols must be installed and configured separately.

SSL is provided and is always installed with Oracle Advanced Security.

2.2 Checking Network Requirements for Oracle RAC

Check that you have the networking hardware and IP addresses required for a Oracle RAC installation.

See Also:

For the latest information about supported network protocols and hardware for Oracle RAC installations, refer to the Certify screens on the OracleMetaLink Web site at

https://metalink.oracle.com

This section contains the following topics:

2.2.1 Network Hardware Requirements

Each node in the cluster must meet the following requirements:

  • The node must have at least two network adapters, one for the public network interface and one for the private network interface (the interconnect).

  • The interface names that are associated with the network adapters for each network must be the same on all nodes.

  • For increased reliability, you can configure redundant public and private network adapters for each node.

  • Each network adapter must support TCP/IP.

The private network between the nodes in the clusters is expected to act as a high-bandwidth network for communication between inter-Oracle RAC instances.

The public network is expected to provide connections between Oracle Database clients and Oracle RAC instances.

2.2.2 IP Address Requirements

Before starting the installation, you must identify or obtain the following IP addresses for each node:

  • An IP address and an associated host name registered in the domain name service (DNS) for each public network interface

  • One private IP address for each node to serve as the private interconnect

    Oracle recommends that you use nonroutable IP addresses for the private interfaces, for example, 10.*.*.* or 192.168.*.*. You can use the local TCP/IP database on each node to associate private host names with private IP addresses.

    This IP address must be separate from the public network, and it must have the same interface name on every node that is part of the cluster.

    During a Oracle RAC installation, Oracle Universal Installer displays two screens on which you specify the IP addresses of the private interconnect. The private interconnect is used for internode communication by both Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC.On the Cluster Configuration screen, you must specify a private node name to be associated with each public node name. The public node name is the host name of each node, which is specified as either an alias or an IP address. The private node name is the private interconnect address that will be used by Oracle Clusterware. In the Private Node Name field, enter the name of the private interconnect if it is available from a network name server or system hosts file, or enter the private IP address, unique to each node.The information about the Private Interconnect Enforcement screen is used to determine which private interconnect will be used by Oracle RAC database instances. Oracle RAC uses all interconnects identified as private on this screen. These interconnects must be in the running state, as in the case if their IP addresses were specified in the CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS logical. Oracle RAC does not fail over between cluster interconnects. So, if one cluster is down, then the instances using it will not start.

  • One public IP address for each node to serve as the virtual IP address for client connections and for connection failover

    This is in addition to the public host IP address that is managed and assigned to the node by the operating system. This public virtual IP must be associated with the same interface name on every node that is part of the cluster. In addition, the IP addresses that you use for all the nodes that are part of a cluster must be from the same subnet. The host names for the virtual IP must be registered with the domain name server (DNS).

    Note:

    The virtual IP address must not be in use at the time of the installation because this is a virtual IP address that Oracle Database manages.

    The reason the virtual IP address must be unused is that when VIPCA tries to register the vip on the system, it first pings if the IP is alive and, if so, assumes that VIPCA has already been run and fails to complete. After installation, you can configure clients to use the virtual host name or IP address. If a node fails, then its virtual IP address fails over to another node.

For example, if each node has two public and two private interfaces, you may have the host names and IP addresses on one of the nodes (rac1) and similar host names and IP addresses on the other nodes as shown in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 Sample IP Addresses for Each Node

Host Name Type IP Address Registered In

rac1.mydomain.com

Public

143.47.43.100

DNS

rac1-2.mydomain.com

Public

143.46.51.101

DNS

rac1-vip.mydomain.com

Virtual

143.47.43.104

DNS

rac1-priv1

Private

10.0.0.1

A local TCP/IP database

rac1-priv2

Private

10.0.0.2

A local TCP/IP database


2.2.3 Checking Each Node for Network Requirements

To verify that each node meets the network requirements:

  1. If necessary, install the network adapters for the public and private networks, and configure them with either public or private IP addresses.

  2. Register the host names and IP addresses for the public network interfaces in DNS.

  3. For each node, register one virtual host name and IP address in DNS.

  4. For each private interface on every node, include the following in the TCP/IP configuration on all nodes, specifying the private IP address and associated private host name as follows:

    10.0.0.1     rac1-priv1
    
    
  5. To identify the interface name and associated IP address for every network adapter, first enter the following command:

    @SYS$MANAGER:TCPIP$DEFINE_COMMANDS
    
    

    Then run:

    $ IFCONFIG -A
    
    
  6. From the output, identify the interface name and IP address for all network adapters that you want to specify as public or private network interfaces.

2.3 Checking Software Requirements

This section provides information about checking the software requirements.

Checking for Required Software

Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following software is installed on the system. The procedure following the table describes how to check these requirements.

Item Requirement
Operating system For OpenVMS Alpha:

OpenVMS version 8.2

For OpenVMS Itanium:

OpenVMS version 8.2-1

Oracle Universal Installer X Window and X/Motif software:
Oracle Messaging Gateways Download the SupportPac MA88 from

http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=203&uid=swg24000173&loc=en_US&cs=utf-8&lang=en

Pro*C/C++, Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK) For OpenVMS Alpha:
  • Compaq C 6.5

  • Compaq C ++ 6.5

For OpenVMS Itanium:

  • HP C S7.1

  • HP C++ 7.1

Oracle Net Services Requirements Oracle Net Services on OpenVMS is developed and certified using TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS (UCX). If you wish to use the TCP/IP protocol adapter for Oracle Net Services, then you should have Version 5.5 ECO 1 or later of TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS installed.

Caution: TCP/IP protocol stacks from other vendors may work with Oracle, but this is not guaranteed by Oracle. Any TCP/IP problems that cannot be reproduced using TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS should be referred to the TCP/IP vendor.

Vendor-provided protocol services are usually upward-compatible, so existing applications will continue to work without modification. Therefore, later releases of TCP/IP are upward-compatible with Oracle Net Services, as long as the vendor-specified application programming interface (API) does not change with new releases.

Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers You can use the following JDK versions with the Oracle JDBC/OCI drivers:

For OpenVMS Alpha:

  • HP JDK v 1.3.1

  • HP JDK v 1.2

  • HP JDK 1.4.2

However, they are not required for the installation.

For OpenVMS Itanium:

  • HP JDK 1.4.2

Note: HP JDK v 1.4.2 is installed as part of a standard Oracle software installation.

Pro*COBOL For OpenVMS Alpha:

Compaq COBOL 2.8

For OpenVMS Itanium:

HP COBOL 2.8

Pro*FORTRAN For OpenVMS Alpha:

Compaq FORTRAN release 7.5-2630-48C8L

For OpenVMS Itanium:

HP FORTRAN release 8.0-48071-50EAE


To ensure that the system meets these requirements:

  1. To determine which version of OpenVMS is installed, enter the following command:

    For OpenVMS Alpha:

    $ WRITE SYS$OUTPUT F$GETSYI("VERSION")
    V8.2
    
    

    For OpenVMS Itanium:

    $ WRITE SYS$OUTPUT F$GETSYI("VERSION")
    V8.2-1
    
    

    If necessary, refer to the operating system documentation for information about upgrading the operating system.

  2. To display additional information about the operating system, enter the following command:

    $ SHOW SYSTEM /NOPROCESS /FULL
    
    

    To view information about all nodes in a cluster, add the /CLUSTER qualifier to this command.

  3. If you intend to use Oracle Messaging Gateway and require MQSeries classes for Java and MQSeries classes for Java Message Service (SupportPac MA88), download it from the following IBM Web page:

    http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=203&uid=swg24000173

  4. If you require a Corrective Services Deliverable (CSD) for MQSeries, refer to the following Web site for download and installation information:

    http://www.ibm.com/software/integration/mqfamily/support/summary/dig.html

  5. To determine the version of TCP/IP installed, enter the following command:

    For OpenVMS Alpha:

    $ tcpip show version
    HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Alpha Version V5.5 - ECO 1 
    on a AlphaServer GS160 6/731 running OpenVMS V8.2
    
    

    For OpenVMS Itanium:

    $ tcpip show version
    HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Industry Standard 64 
    Version V5.5 - ECO 1
    on an HP rx4640 (1.50GHz/6.0MB) running OpenVMS V8.2-1
    
    

Oracle Net Services OpenVMS Mailbox Driver

The Oracle Net Services OpenVMS Mailbox driver (protocol IPC) is included in NETWORK. You do not need an Oracle Net Services license to use the OpenVMS Mailbox driver.

Checking for Required Patches

You must ensure that the patches described in the following table are installed on the system.

Installation Type or Product Minimum Requirement
All installations The following patches, or their later versions, are required:

For OpenVMS Alpha:

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_ACRTL V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_BASRTL V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_FIBRE_SCSI V2.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_KITTING V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_MONTOR V2.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_PTHREAD V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_SYS V3.0

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.5-BIAV

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.5-AIAV

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_F11X V2.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_INSTAL V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_LMF V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_LOADSS V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_TDF V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_PCSI V1.0

  • DEC AXPVMS VMS82A_UPDATE V2.0

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.5-AIAV

  • HP AXPVMS AVAIL_MAN_ANA V2.5-A

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.5-AIAV

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.4-1

  • HP AXPVMS AVAIL_MAN_ANA V2.5-A

  • HP AXPVMS AVAIL_MAN_ANA V2.4-1

  • DEC AXPVMS JAVA142 V1.4-24P5

  • DEC AXPVMS TCPIP V5.5-11ECO1

  • IBM AXPVMS WMQCLIENT V5.30

  • DEC AXPVMS FASTVM122 V1.2-21

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.4-1

  • HP AXPVMS AVAIL_MAN_ANA V2.4-1

  • CPQ AXPVMS CDSA V2.1-331

  • DEC AXPVMS DWMOTIF V1.5

  • DEC AXPVMS OPENVMS V8.2

  • HP AXPVMS KERBEROS V2.1-72

All installations For OpenVMS Itanium:
  • VMS821I_BASRTL V1.0

  • VMS821I_DEBUG V2.0

  • VMS821I_FIBRE_SCSI V2.0

  • VMS821I_LOADSS V2.0

  • VMS821I_MONTOR V1.0

  • VMS821I_PTHREAD V2.0

  • VMS821I_SYS V2.0

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.5-BIAV

  • HP VMS AVAIL_MAN_COL V2.5-AIAV

  • SEA V4.4-4

  • WEBES V4.4-4

  • WCCPROXY V1.3-4

  • VMS821I_F11X V2.0

  • VMS821I_INSTAL V1.0

  • VMS821I_LMF V1.0

  • VMS821I_LOADSS V1.0

  • VMS821I_UPDATE V2.0

  • VMS821I_TDF V2.0

  • VMS821I_ACRTL V1.0

  • VMS821I_UPDATE V1.0

  • VMS821I_PCSI V1.0

  • JAVA142 V1.4-23

  • AVAIL_MAN_ANA V2.5-I

  • TCPIP V5.5-11ECO1

Oracle Messaging Gateway Corrective service diskette (CSD) for MQSeries:

CSD09 or later for MQSeries V5.3


In some cases, later patch sets would cumulatively include earlier patches and therefore, the preceding command would not explicitly indicate the required patch sets. In such cases, check the Patch Distribution Web site of Hewlett-Packard for the contents of the patches that are displayed to verify if the required patches are included or not.

To check if you have the required patches installed on the system, enter the following command:

$ PRODUCT SHOW HISTORY

The output of this command is a list of all software patches or products (or both) that are installed on the system. Verify that you meet the minimum requirements to install and run Oracle Database.

2.4 Installation-Specific Issues and Restrictions

There are factors that can affect the installation or use of Oracle Database. This section discusses these factors:

2.4.1 New ORA_ROOT

Do not install Oracle Database into the root directory of an existing Oracle installation containing any Oracle Software. Oracle recommends that you install Oracle Database products into a new ORA_ROOT.

Logical Names

Oracle Database 10g release 2 has two separate logical names that specify the top-level directory of the installation. ORA_ROOT is a concealed logical name used in earlier releases, and ORACLE_HOME is a nonconcealed logical name. You can use both logical names with the following restriction.

If the top-level directory is DISK$DISK1:[ORACLE10102], then the logical names are defined as follows:

$ SHOW LOGICAL ORA_ROOT
DISK$DISK1:[ORACLE10102.]

$ show logical ORACLE_HOME
DISK$DISK1:[ORACLE10102]

Therefore, the following command is invalid:

$ SET DEFAULT ORA_ROOT

The following commands are valid:

$ SET DEFAULT ORA_ROOT:[000000]
$ SET DEFAULT ORACLE_HOME

2.4.2 JDK

The JDK release that is shipped with Oracle Database is used by Oracle Java applications such as Oracle Universal Installer and is the only JDK that is supported to run with these applications. You must not modify this JDK, unless it is done through a patch provided by Oracle Support Services.

2.4.3 Devices

Oracle Database software must be installed on an On-Disk Structure Level 5 (ODS-5) formatted disk. The data files and redo log files, however, can be placed on ODS-2 formatted disks as well.

Oracle Database server must be able to verify that files have been written to disk. Devices that do not support this verification are not supported for use with Oracle Databases, although Oracle software can be installed on them.Datafiles always must reside on volumes with write through cache enabled

Note:

Because of this requirement for verification, third-party software that creates one or more virtual disks in memory must not be used for data files.

2.5 Creating a User Account

This section provides installation procedure requirements. It discusses the following topics:

2.5.1 Creating an Oracle Database DBA Account

Create an OpenVMS user account to administer and maintain the Oracle installation. Setting up an Oracle Database account is the same as setting up any other OpenVMS user account.

To set up an Oracle Database account:

  1. Determine the values that you want to supply to create the account.

  2. Run the AUTHORIZE utility to add a record in the User Authorization File (UAF).

  3. Use AUTHORIZE to set the following account requirements:

    • Account quotas

    • Account privileges

    • Process rights identifiers

  4. Exit AUTHORIZE to complete the account setup.

    See Also:

    The Hewlett-Packard documentation for more information about running the AUTHORIZE utility

Determining Account Information

To add an account, you must supply the following information:

  • User name

  • User password

  • USER and GROUP numbers for the UIC (octal values)

  • Login device and directory

  • Owner

Although this guide refers to this account as the Oracle Database account or Oracle account, you can assign any name or number to the account after taking into account UIC restrictions. The Oracle Database account owns the run-time libraries and executable images for every Oracle product. Therefore, the database administrator (DBA) must manage this account and install all Oracle products from it.

Note:

In Oracle Database Administrator's Guide , the Oracle Database account is sometimes referred to as the DBA account. The Oracle Database account is not the same as the SYS or SYSTEM database user names that are created for every database. It is an OpenVMS account name.

The UIC group number of the Oracle Database account must be greater than the system parameter MAXSYSGROUP (which defaults to octal 10). Group numbers 1 through the value of MAXSYSGROUP are reserved for use by the OpenVMS operating system.If the UIC group number is not greater than the value of MAXSYSGROUP, then all Oracle Database account commands are not supported. For example:

  • STARTUP

  • CREATE DATABASE or CREATE TABLESPACE

  • ALTER DATABASE or ALTER TABLESPACE

The following command gives the value of MAXSYSGROUP (in decimal format):

$ WRITE SYS$OUTPUT F$GETSYI("MAXSYSGROUP")

2.5.2 Adding a Record in the User Authorization File

Use the AUTHORIZE utility to create or modify records in the UAF as follows:

  1. To run the AUTHORIZE utility, enter the following commands:

    $ SET DEFAULT SYS$SYSTEM
    $ RUN AUTHORIZE 
    
    
  2. At the UAF prompt, enter the ADD command to create the user account from which you will install the product software:

    UAF> ADD /ACCOUNT=ORACLE10G /PASSWORD=ORACLE/UIC=[277,100]-
    /DEVICE=device/DIRECTORY=[ORACLE10G]/OWNER="ORACLE DBA"
    
    

In this example, the account name is ORACLE10g. Note that the UIC group number is 277. The UIC group number must be greater than MAXSYSGROUP.

After adding the account, you must alter the account privileges and quotas. This can be done in any order. However, in most cases, the account privileges are set before the account quotas.

See Also:

The Hewlett-Packard documentation for more information about using the AUTHORIZE utility

2.5.3 Setting Account Privileges

The following privileges are required as both authorized and default privileges for the Oracle Database DBA account:

  • CMKRNL

  • GROUP

  • GRPNAM

  • IMPERSONATE

  • LOG_IO

  • NETMBX

  • OPER

  • PFNMAP

  • PRMGBL

  • PRMMBX

  • SHARE

  • SYSGBL

  • SYSLCK

  • SYSNAM

  • SYSPRV

  • TMPMBX

  • WORLD

Use the AUTHORIZE utility to set the account privileges for the Oracle Database DBA account. At the UAF prompt, use the MODIFY command to add the required default and authorized privileges as follows:

UAF> MODIFY ORACLE10G -
/PRIVILEGE=(CMKRNL,NETMBX,OPER,PFNMAP,PRMGBL,PRMMBX,SHARE,SYSGBL, -
  SYSNAM,TMPMBX,GROUP,GRPNAM,IMPERSONATE,LOG_IO,WORLD,SYSLCK, SYSPRV) - 
/DEFPRIVILEGE=(CMKRNL,NETMBX,OPER,PFNMAP,PRMGBL,PRMMBX,SHARE, SYSGBL, -
  SYSNAM,TMPMBX,GROUP,GRPNAM,IMPERSONATE,LOG_IO,WORLD,SYSLCK, SYSPRV)

2.5.4 Setting Account Quotas

Use the AUTHORIZE utility to change account quotas to meet the requirements of Oracle Database installation.

Account Quotas

Table 2-4 lists the Oracle Database account quotas, their minimum recommended values, and their equivalent OpenVMS quota names as displayed by the SHOW PROCESS/QUOTA and SHOW WORKING_SET DCL commands.

Note:

These quotas depend on the number of log files, databases, network connections, and other logicals on the system. You may need to customize these values.

Table 2-4 Oracle Database Account Quotas

Account Quota Minimum Value Quota Name

ASTLM

250 (the default)

Asynchronous system trap limit

BYTLM

750000

Buffered I/O limit

ENQLM

2000 (the default)

Enqueue quota

FILLM

2048

Open file quota

JTQUOTA

8192

Job table quota

MAXDETACH

0 (the default)

Max detached processes

MAXJOBS

0 (the default)

Max active jobs

PGFLQUOTA

2 million (recommended)

Paging file quota

WSDEFAULT

2048

Working set default

WSEXTENT

8192

Working set extent

WSQUOTA

4096

Working set quota


Modifying the Default Quotas

After adding a record with the default quotas, use the MODIFY command to alter the default values. The following example changes the enqueue quota (ENQLM) from the default value to a value of 150:

UAF> MODIFY ORACLE10G/ENQLM=150

2.5.5 Process Rights for Database Administrators

The Oracle Database DBA account must be granted one or more process rights identifiers. These identifiers enable you to run the CONNECT /AS SYSDBA command that is required to perform database administration functions. Table 2-5 displays the combinations of adding and granting rights identifiers to this account:

Table 2-5 Adding and Granting Process Rights Identifiers

Adding . . . And Granting . . . Enables Control of . . .

ORA_DBA

ORA_DBA

Any database instance, provided it does not also have an ORA_sid_DBA identifier defined for it.

ORA_sid_DBA

ORA_sid_DBA

Database instance sid only

ORA_sid_DBA

ORA_DBA

All database instances except sid


For example, to grant the ORA_sid_DBA rights identifier to the Oracle Database account for an instance called TEST, enter the following command:

UAF> ADD/IDENTIFIER ORA_TEST_DBA

Then, grant the rights identifier to the Oracle Database account as follows:

UAF> GRANT/IDENTIFIER ORA_TEST_DBA ORACLE10g

If you add the ORA_TEST_DBA rights identifier, but grant only ORA_DBA to the ORACLE10g account, then the account would have insufficient privileges to administer the TEST instance.

The third row of the table shows that you can add and grant different identifiers, which restricts control of a particular instance while it grants control to other instances.

You can also grant database maintenance privileges to accounts (for example, privileges to start up and shut down the database) other than the Oracle Database account. However, with the Oracle Database account, the user UIC group number must be greater than MAXSYSGROUP. By granting the ORA_sid_DBA identifier, you can similarly restrict user privileges to an instance named sid.

2.5.6 Process Rights for SGA Protection

The SGA is protected by an access control list (ACL) that grants access to the identifier ORA_SGA. Before you start a database, add this rights identifier to the UAF, if it does not already exist. To do this, the system manager must enter the following command

UAF > ADD/IDENTIFIER/ATTRIBUTES=SUBSYSTEM ORA_SGA

Caution:

Do not grant the ORA_SGA rights identifier to any user. Oracle software manages the assignment of the rights identifier when it starts the database.

2.5.7 Security Issues with Multiple Databases

If a site has several databases managed by different DBAs, then you may not want to grant the CMKRNL privilege to every DBA Oracle Database account. This privilege enables a DBA to activate any process rights identifiers and to install shared images.

For security reasons, Oracle recommends that the OpenVMS system administrator handle these tasks. This person should be responsible for starting Oracle Database instances from a controlled account with a UIC group number that is greater than the value of MAXSYSGROUP. If this is not possible, then at least one Oracle Database account must have the CMKRNL privilege.

2.5.8 Completing Account Setup

Exit the AUTHORIZE utility. If the user account that you modified is logged on at the time you exit this utility, then this user must log out and log in again before the changes take effect.

2.5.9 Verifying Privileges

Enter the following command to verify that your account has the correct privileges and rights identifiers:

$ SHOW PROCESS/PRIVILEGE

2.5.10 Setting Permissions for File Creation

Set default file protections for the ORACLE10g account to ensure that GROUP and WORLD have READ and EXECUTE permissions, but not WRITE permission, on installed files.

  1. Enter the $ SHOW PROTECTION command to check the current setting.

  2. If the $ SHOW PROTECTION command does not show the expected protection, then set protection in the LOGIN.COM of the oracle10g account as follows:

    $ SET PROTECTION=(s:RWE, o:RWED, g:RE, w:RE)/default
    

2.6 SYSGEN Parameters

See Also:

READMEVMS.DOC in the RDBMS directory for instructions on calculating MIN_GBLPAGES, and MIN_GBLSECTIONS

You can create and use reserved memory on an OpenVMS system. The following sections describe the utilities that you can use to set the values of the various SYSGEN parameters:

2.6.1 Reserved Memory Registry

Through its interface within the SYSMAN utility, the reserved memory registry enables you to configure an OpenVMS system with large amounts of memory set aside for use within memory-resident global sections. The AUTOGEN utility considers the preallocated reserved memory when it tunes the system.

Oracle recommends that you do not use reserved memory until the instance SGA size is stable. In most cases, this is a few weeks after the database is performing well.

The advantages to reserving memory for an SGA are as follows:

  • You can be certain that the memory is available and that the system is correctly tuned.

  • The memory is reserved at startup time as contiguous aligned physical pages. This enables the system to optimize the mapping of the SGA.

  • The memory is preallocated and zeroed. This results in faster SGA mapping and faster instance startup.

To reserve memory for an SGA, use the SYSMAN utility. The size qualifier is specified in megabytes. For example, to reserve memory for a 6 GB SGA for the SID named TEST, use the following commands:

$ MCR SYSMAN
SYSMAN> RESERVED_MEMORY ADD ORA_TEST_SGA/SIZE=6144/ALLOCATE/ZERO/PAGE
SYSMAN> EXIT

Next, run AUTOGEN and restart the system to allow AUTOGEN to adjust other system parameters for the reduced amount of memory that is available to the rest of the system.

Memory for multiple SGAs may be reserved. Any change to the name or size of a piece of reserved memory may require restarting the system. During instance startup, Oracle Database compares the size of the reserved memory, if any, with the size of the SGA. If appropriate, one of the following messages is included in the alert log:

** Reserved memory size = size greater than created SGA size = size**
** Please reduce reserved memory size to avoid wasting memory. **

** Memory was not reserved for the SGA. SGA size = size **
** There might be performance advantages to allocating memory for
    the SGA in the VMS reserved memory registry. **

If the memory reserved for an SGA is insufficient, then the instance startup fails. In this case, you must adjust the amount of reserved memory, run AUTOGEN, and restart the system. For example, to expand the SGA to 6.5 GB for the TEST instance, enter the following commands:

$ MCR SYSMAN
SYSMAN> RESERVED_MEMORY REMOVE ORA_TEST_SGA
SYSMAN> RESERVED_MEMORY ADD ORA_TEST_SGA/SIZE=6656/ALLOCATE/ZERO/PAGE 
SYSMAN> EXIT

Next, run AUTOGEN and save it permanently using the SAVEPARAMS parameter. This saves the change in the AGEN$FEEDBACK.DAT file.

If you do not wish to save permanently then, instead of running AUTOGEN, use SYSMAN to free the memory reservation and proceed with starting the Oracle instance without reserved memory. The risk involved with this is that the system may not have enough fluid pages to create the SGA. In addition, the performance advantages of using reserved memory are not available.

See Also:

The Hewlett-Packard documentation for more information about the reserved memory registry

To review memory reservations on the node, run the following command:

$ SHOW MEMORY/RESERVED 

System Memory Resources on 13-JUL-2001 09:57:11.72 
Memory Reservations (Pages)    Group    Reserved   In Use   Type
ORA_PROD_SGA                   SYSGBL   5120       0        Allocated
ORA_PROD_SGA                   SYSGBL   5          0        Page Table
Total (40.04 Mbytes reserved)           5120       0

2.6.2 AUTOGEN

Because SYSGEN parameters affect the entire operating system, the system administrator is the only person who should modify them. At some sites, the DBA and system administrator may be the same person. The instructions in this section are directed to the system administrator.

For setting or modifying SYSGEN parameters, OpenVMS provides the AUTOGEN utility. You can also use SYSGEN, but this is an older utility and its use is discouraged, except perhaps for checking current values. You must have the SYSPRV or BYPASS privilege to run these utilities.

AUTOGEN provides a permanent method for setting parameters, and it documents all changes. AUTOGEN also lets you recalculate any parameters that depend on other parameters that you may have changed. Remember to record parameter values before changing them, and determine in advance what results you expect from the changes you make. If the expected changes do not occur, then restore the old values before trying again.

The procedure is as follows:

  1. Run the AUTOGEN utility with the SAVPARAMS parameter by entering the following command:

    $ @SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN SAVPARAMS GETDATA
    
    

    This step saves current parameters to a file named AGEN$FEEDBACK.DAT.

  2. If you have not already done so, run AUTOGEN GETDATA to ensure that the file PARAMS.DAT has been generated.

    $ @SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN GETDATA 
    
    
  3. Examine the parameter settings in the current PARAMS.DAT, and if they are correct, then change them in the MODPARAMS.DAT file by using the MIN_parameter=value format as follows:

    MIN_GBLSECTIONS=3000 
    MIN_GBLPAGES=300000
    
    

    The MIN prefix indicates that you are setting a lower limit for the specified parameter. To use the MIN prefix, identify the current value of the specified parameter (using SYSGEN) and the amount by which you want to increase the parameter. The sum of these two values is used for the MIN_parameter entry.

  4. Run the AUTOGEN utility with the GENPARAMS and REBOOT parameters by entering the following command:

    $ @SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN GENPARAMS REBOOT
    

    Caution:

    The REBOOT parameter in this example causes the system to automatically restart when the SYSGEN is complete.

    This step generates new SYSGEN parameters in a file named SETPARAMS.DAT and runs the SYSGEN utility to set these parameter values as specified in the file.

    See Also:

    OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference for more information about using the AUTOGEN utility

2.7 System Configuration

If the system fails to satisfy any listed requirement, then perform the tasks listed in the next section as necessary to configure the system to meet these requirements.

Table 2-6 lists the requirements for installing Oracle Database.

Table 2-6 OpenVMS System Configuration Summary

System Factors Requirements for Oracle Database

OpenVMS Parameters:

Minimum Global Pages or Sections

Verify that the values for MIN_GBLPAGES and MIN_GBLSECTIONS are greater than, or equal to, the values that were calculated for these parameters, as documented in READMEVMS.DOC.

OpenVMS Accounts

You need an OpenVMS account that is dedicated solely to installing and upgrading Oracle products. The instructions in this book are provided with the assumption that the account is called oracle10g.

Permissions for File Creation

Default Protections


2.8 Performing Setup Tasks As the SYSTEM User

Log in as the SYSTEM user and perform the following tasks to set up the environment for Oracle Database:

2.8.1 Creating an Oracle Database Account

The Oracle Database account is the OpenVMS user account that owns Oracle Database software after installation. Run Oracle Universal Installer with this user account.

Details of creating this account are covered in Section 2.5, "Creating a User Account"

Use the AUTHORIZE utility to create an oracle account with the properties listed in Table 2-7.

Table 2-7 Properties of the Oracle Database Account

Account Properties

Login Name

Any name, but this document refers to it as the Oracle Database account.

UIC

The group UIC number, which must be greater than MAXSYSGROUP.

Home Directory

Select a home directory consistent with other user home directories. The home directory of the ORACLE10g account does not need to be the same as the ORA_ROOT directory.


Caution:

Use the Oracle Database account only for installing,maintaining and managing Oracle software. Do not use it for purposes unrelated to Oracle Database server. Do not use SYSTEM as the ORACLE10g account.

Sites with multiple ORA_ROOT directories on one system may install Oracle software with the same ORACLE10g account, or separate accounts. Each ORACLE10g account must have the same group UIC.

2.8.2 Creating an Apache Server Account

The Apache account is an OpenVMS user account that owns the Apache server after installation. If you use a default Apache configuration (one that listens to ports lower than 1024, which are reserved for the system), then Oracle recommends, for security reasons, that a separate account owner be set up for Apache. Configure the Apache server to assign the ownership of listener and module actions to this account. It is not necessary for the Apache user account to have privileges to run the Apache Server on port numbers that are lower than 1023. Images that are installed with privileges during installation in the oracle account ensure that this can be done.

For information about how to configure the server to run as a user other than the 'oracle' user, refer to Section H.3.3, "Customizing the Server Environment".

The Apache account owner should have minimal user privileges, and should not be a member of any groups where files are not intended to be visible to the public.

2.9 Performing Setup Tasks As the oracle user

Log in to the oracle Database account and perform the following tasks as necessary:

2.9.1 Setting the Display

Before starting Oracle Universal Installer, set the display by using the following command:

$ SET DISPLAY/CREATE/TRANSPORT=TCPIP/NODE=workstation_name or IP_address

Verify that you have set the display correctly by using the following command:

$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CLOCK

Do not use the host name or IP address of the system where you install the software unless you perform the installation from the X Window console of that system. Use the computer name or IP address of the workstation if you are installing from a remote system. If you are not sure of the X server and screen settings, then use 0 (zero) for both.

2.9.2 Setting Up a Batch Queue for the EMAgent and HAS

In this release, the architecture and implementation of the Enterprise Manager Agent has undergone a major revision. The new agent is based on an HTTP listener that communicates with the Management Server using XML and that uses Perl to perform a number of tasks. This has been implemented to run in a batch queue instead of running as detached processes. The Enterprise Manager Agent runs a main process. To support monitoring of both internal (using the same Oracle home) and external databases and listeners, the Enterprise Manager Agent submits additional batch jobs.

From the operational and management perspective, this has been implemented to run under a batch queue to get a better collective view of all processes related to the Enterprise Manager Agent running at any given time. This makes it easy to monitor and control all processes spawned by the Enterprise Manager Agent. In addition, it may be possible to delete batch jobs or processes that can potentially fail when trying to connect to databases or listeners that are not running.

Note:

Although the Enterprise Manager Agent is no longer installed as part of a database installation, it is available as part of the separate Enterprise Manager Grid Control release.

For High-Availability Services (HAS), the Oracle Clusterware daemons, OCSSD, EVMD, and CRSD, are collectively run as batch process. The EMAgent and HAS use the following method to determine the name of the batch queue on which to submit jobs:

  • If the ORA_BATCH_QUEUE_hostname logical name is defined, then the value of this logical is used.

  • If the ORA_BATCH_QUEUE_hostname logical is itself a valid queue name, then it is used.

The ORA_BATCH_QUEUE_hostname logical name need not always be defined. It is sufficient that it is defined at least once during installation. Alternatively, you can define it before running ORAUSER.COM at any time after the installation. Note that the Enterprise Manager Agent and HAS services can only be started up after setting up this batch queue logical name and running ORAUSER.COM.

The two components record the batch queue name in the installation, and use that as a reference for subsequent calls to the services. The default batch queue SYS$BATCH generally points to a batch queue that runs under a lower priority (usually, 2) than the priority of a normal user (usually, 4). Therefore, it is inappropriate to use the default queue for the two services. This would result in poor and, in some cases, defective performance of the two services.

Note:

Oracle recommends to use a dedicated batchqueue.

The number of jobs submitted for the EMAgent batch queue depends on the number of monitoring targets which include databases and listeners. An approximation of two to five monitoring targets would be a good number for the job_limit. In the case of HAS, a job_limit of about 10 would be sufficient. The batch queue priority should be the same as all other Oracle processes, which is typically 4 on a standard VMS system.

2.10 Setup Tasks for Oracle Products

The following products require preinstallation steps to be completed before you install Oracle Database software:

2.10.1 Precompilers and Tools

The following sections list the preinstallation tasks for the precompilers and tools that are required for OpenVMS.

2.10.2 Network and System Management Products

This section describes tasks that need to be completed prior to installation if you have existing network and system management products.

2.10.2.1 Setup Tasks for Oracle Net Services

If you have an existing installation of Oracle Net Services running on the same TCP ports, then shut down all listeners before installing it. To determine if the TCP port is in use, enter the following command:

$ TCPIP SHOW DEVICE/PORT=port_number

If the port is in use, a device name will be displayed. Issue the following command:

$ SHOW DEVICE/FULL device_name

The output of this command will contain a process ID. Issue the following command:

$ SHOW PROCESS/CONTINUOUS/ID=pid

The full path to the program that is running and which is using the port will be indicated in this display. This path includes the Oracle home from which you should stop the Listener.

2.11 Identifying Required Software Directories

You must identify three directories for the Oracle software as described in the following sections:

The following subsections describe the requirements for these directories.

2.11.1 Oracle Inventory Directory

The Oracle inventory directory (ORAINVENTORY) stores an inventory of all Oracle software installed on the system. It is required by, and shared by, all Oracle software installations on a single system.

The Installer creates this directory if it does not already exist and sets the correct owner, group, and permissions on it.

Note:

Oracle recommends that you specify the inventory location by creating the oraInst.loc file in the sys$login:[node_name] directory. Create this directory if it does not exist. The contents of the oraInst.loc file is as follows:
inst_group=VMS1
inventory_loc=/VI04/INSTALL_TESTING/SRAVINDH/SAM_INVENTORY_CPQ064

VMS1 is the UIC group of the account used to install Oracle. All Oracle software installations depend on this directory. Ensure that you back it up regularly. Do not delete this directory unless you have completely removed all Oracle software from the system.

2.11.2 Oracle Clusterware Home Directory

The Oracle Clusterware home directory is the directory where you install the software for Oracle Clusterware. You must install Oracle Clusterware in a separate home directory. When you run Oracle Universal Installer, it prompts you to specify the path to this directory as well as a name that identifies it. Oracle recommends that you specify a path similar to the following for the Oracle Clusterware home directory:

device:[ORACLE.CRS_HOME102]

2.11.3 Oracle Home Directory

The Oracle home directory is the directory where you choose to install the software for a particular Oracle product. You must install different Oracle products, or different releases of the same Oracle product, in separate Oracle home directories. When you run Oracle Universal Installer, it prompts you to specify the path to this directory, as well as a name that identifies it.

Oracle Universal Installer creates the directory path that you specify. It also sets the correct ownership and permissions. You do not need to create this directory.

2.12 Guidelines for Placing Oracle Recovery Files

Note:

You must select a location for the recovery files only if you enable automated backups during the installation.

Use the following guidelines to place Oracle Database or recovery files:

2.13 Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files

Use the following guidelines when deciding the location of Oracle Database or recovery files.

Creating Required Directories

Note:

You must complete this procedure only if you want to place Oracle Database or recovery files on a separate device instead of placing them in the Oracle base directory.

To create directories for Oracle Database or the recovery files on separate devices:

  1. Use the SHOW DEVICE device_name command to determine the free disk space on each mounted device.

  2. From the display, identify the devices that you want to use. Table 2-8 lists the device requirements for recovery files.

    Table 2-8 Device Requirements for Recovery files

    File Type Device Requirements

    Data files

    Choose either:

    • A single device with at least 1.2 GB of free disk space

    • Two or more devices with at least 1.2 GB of free disk space in total

    Recovery files

    Choose a device with at least 2 GB of free disk space.


    If you are using the same device for more than one type of file, then add the disk space requirements for each type to determine the total disk space requirement.

  3. Note the names of the root device directories for the devices that you identified.

2.14 Stopping Existing Oracle Processes

See Also:

Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for information about stopping existing Oracle processess on Oracle RAC

Caution:

If you are installing additional Oracle Database 10g products in an existing Oracle home, then stop all processes running in the Oracle home. You must complete this task to enable Oracle Universal Installer to relink certain executables and libraries.

If you choose to create a database during the installation, then most installation types configure and start a default Oracle Net Services listener using TCP/IP port 1521 and the IPC key value EXTPROC. However, if an existing Oracle Net Services listener process uses the same port or key value, Oracle Universal Installer can only configure the new listener, but it cannot start it. To ensure that the new listener process starts during the installation, you must shut down any existing listeners before starting Oracle Universal Installer.

To determine if an existing listener process is running, and to shut it down if necessary:

  1. Log in as the Oracle Database account user.

  2. Enter the following command:

    $ PIPE SHOW SYSTEM/OWN=ORACLE | SEARCH SYS$INPUT <last 8 chars of listener name>
    
    

    This command displays the Oracle processes that are running in the oracle account. Run the following command to identify the Oracle processes that are running as listener processes:

    $ WRITE SYS$OUTPUT F$GETJPI(pid,"IMAGNAME")
    
    

    For each process that is running as a listener process, run the following command to determine the Oracle home in which it is running:

    $ SHOW PROCESS/CONTINUOUS process_name
    
    

    In this example, process_name is the name of the listener process that is indicated by the command that you just entered.

    Note:

    If no Oracle Net Services listeners are running, then refer to Section 2.15, "Configuring the oracle User's Environment" to continue.
  3. Set up the Oracle environment for the Oracle home area where the listener is running as follows:

    $ SET DEFAULT Oracle_home_dir
    $ @ORAUSER
    
    
  4. Enter the following command to identify the TCP/IP port number and IPC key value that the listener is using:

    LSNRCTL STATUS listenername
    

    Note:

    If the listener uses the default name LISTENER, you do not have to specify the listener name in this command.
  5. If the TCP/IP port number determined in the preceding step is 1521, or the IPC key value is EXTPROC, then enter a command similar to the following:

    LSNRCTL STOP listenername
    
    
  6. Repeat this procedure to stop all listeners running on this system.

See Also:

Appendix I for a list of commands that you can use when performing this procedure

2.15 Configuring the oracle User's Environment

Before you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of Oracle database account.

To achieve this, perform the following steps:

  1. Start a new terminal session.

  2. Set up display using the SET DISPLAY command.

  3. Set up the inventory directory, and create the ORAINST.LOC file. This step is optional. However, Oracle recommends that you do it, if not an ORAINST.LOC file is created under the sys$login:node_name directory. The default inventory location is the directory INVENTORY_node_name created as the top-level directory of ORACLE_HOME.

  4. Define the logical name ORA_BATCH_QUEUE_nodename to point to an existing batch queue. Oracle recommends that you use a dedicated Batch Queue

    See Also:

    Appendix D, "Installing, Configuring, and Running EMAgent" for more information about batch queues
  5. Create a file, CLUSTER_NODES.DAT (if you are installing Oracle Clusterware), in the SYS$LOGIN directory with the list of nodes that are to comprise the Oracle RAC cluster. This file displays each node on a separate line with the primary node listed first.

  6. Enter the $ SET NOVERIFY command.

  7. Enter the $ SET PROCESS/PRIV=ALL command.

  8. To start the RUNINSTALLER refer to Section 3.3, "Installing Oracle Database Software"

2.16 The ORATAB File

The ORATAB file contains information about all Oracle installations and databases installed on the node. This information is used to discover Oracle product installations. When an Oracle product is installed, this file is updated with information about the new Oracle home. If this file is not found, then a new ORATAB file is created.

To check if the ORATAB file exists:

  1. Check for the ORATAB file in the hostname subdirectory of SYS$LOGIN. For example:

    DISK:[mylogin.hostname]ORATAB.
    
    
  2. If the ORATAB file is not found at the location described in Step 1, then use the file in the SYS$LOGIN directory. For example:

    DISK:[mylogin]ORATAB.
    
    
  3. If the ORATAB file is not found in any of the above locations, then it means there is no ORATAB file.